By what two characteristics are all the elements of the periodic table placed in a particular row and column

Answer:

Ca and Br

Explanation:

i took an online test and this was the answer

A salt is formed when a metal combines with a nonmetal hence the pair that will form a salt is Ca and Br.

A salt is an ionic substance. An ionic substance is formed when a metal donates an electron to a nonmetal in an ionic bond. Hence, we must look out for the pair that consists of a metal and a nonmetal.

Closely examining the options, we can see that only the pair involving Ca and Br is comprised of a metal and a nonmetal hence they can form a salt.

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The enthalpy of formation of liquid ethanol (C2H5OH) is represented by the chemical equation combining carbon (solid), hydrogen gas, and oxygen gas to form ethanol.

The enthalpy of formation of liquid ethanol (C2H5OH) can be represented by the balanced chemical equation showing its formation from its elements in their standard states.

The equation is as follows:

C(s) + 3H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) → C2H5OH(l)

The enthalpy change for this reaction is -277.6 kJ/mol, indicating that the formation of liquid ethanol from its elements is exothermic.

Answer;

6CO2 + 18ATP + 12 NADPH → C6H12O6 + 18ATP + 18Pi + 12NADP+

Explanation;

-The process of Calvin Cycle Synthesizes Hexoses from Carbon Dioxide and Water.

-The ATP and NADPH molecules produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis power sugar synthesis in the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle, three molecules of CO2 are added to three molecules of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), a 5-carbon sugar already present in the stroma.

-This results to a total of eighteen carbons in the cycle.  As the three RuBP molecules accept a molecule of carbon dioxide, they immediately break down into six 3-carbon molecules of phosphoglyceric acid which is a hexose.

Crystal formation form many metals results into combining of many molecular orbitals during formation.

This is because each metallic atomic orbital contributes for the formation of crystal.

When compared with the relative energies of the molecular orbitals it was found that they have lower energy than the atomic orbitals. Thus the new crystals are stable in nature.

Answer:

evaporation

Explanation:

Evaporation is the process where a liquid, in this case water, changes from its liquid state to a gaseous state. Liquid water becomes water vapor. Although lower air pressure helps promote evaporation, temperature is the primary factor.

The volume of balloon at 1.0 atmis [tex]\boxed{9.68{\text{ L}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

A hypothetical gas comprising of a large number of randomly moving particles is called ideal gas. The collisions between such particles are considered to be perfectly elastic. Practically, no gas can be ideal so it is just a theoretical concept.

Given information:

Volume of balloon at 2.2 atm: 4.4 L

To determine:

Volume of balloon at 1.0 atm

Boyle’s law:

This law describes relationship between volume and pressure of gas. According to this law,volume of the gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided the temperature and the number of moles of gas remain constant. Mathematical form of Boyle’s law is,

[tex]{\text{P}} \propto \dfrac{1}{{\text{V}}}[/tex]  

Or,

[tex]{\text{PV}} = {\text{k}}[/tex]  

Where,

V is volume occupied by the gas.

P is the pressure of the gas.

k is a constant.

At two volumes [tex]{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] andpressures [tex]{{\text{P}}_{\text{1}}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex], equation of Boyle’s law modifies as follows:

[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}{{\text{V}}_1} = {{\text{P}}_2}{{\text{V}}_2}[/tex]                                                        …… (1)

Rearrange equation (1) to calculate [tex]{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex].

[tex]{{\text{V}}_2} = \dfrac{{{{\text{P}}_1}{{\text{V}}_1}}}{{{{\text{P}}_2}}}[/tex]                                                            …… (2)

Substitute 4.4 L for [tex]{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}[/tex] , 2.2 atm for [tex]{{\text{P}}_{\text{1}}}[/tex] and 1.0 atm for [tex]{{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{{\text{V}}_2} &= \frac{{\left( {2.2{\text{ atm}}} \right)\left( {4.4{\text{ L}}} \right)}}{{\left( {{\text{1}}{\text{.0 atm}}} \right)}} \\&= 9.68{\text{ L}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]  

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Ideal gas equation

Keywords: Boyle’s law, P, V, k, pressure of gas, volume occupied by gas, constant, temperature, ideal gas, 2.2 atm, 1.0 atm, 4.4 L, 9.68 L.

Answer: The given electronic configuration is long hand notation.

Explanation:

Long-hand notation of representing electronic configuration is defined as the arrangement of total number of electrons that are present in an element.

Noble-gas notation of representing electronic configuration is defined as the arrangement of valence electrons in the element. The core electrons are represented as the previous noble gas of the element that is considered.

The given electronic configuration of potassium (K): [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^1[/tex]

The above configuration has all the electrons that are contained in the nucleus of an element. Thus, this configuration is a long-hand notation.

Answer:

longhand notation

Explanation:

in the longhand nota8tion all the electronic configuration of the element is written as it is obtained from the electronic configuration diagram and in the electronic configuration of noble-gas the electronic configuration of the full layer closest to the element is searched, which usually corresponds to the configuration of a noble gas and the full layer configuration corresponding to the noble gas is replaced with the gas symbol

Longhand notation

[tex]K= 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^23p^64s^1[/tex]

argon electronic configuration

[tex]Ar=1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^23p^6[/tex]

Noble-gas notation

[tex]K=[Ar] 4s^1[/tex]

To prepare 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution, you will need approximately 0.60 g of NaOH.

To calculate the mass of NaOH needed to prepare a 0.15 M solution, we need to use the formula:

Mass (g) = Molarity (M) x Volume (L) x Molar Mass (g/mol)

In this case, the molarity is 0.15 M and the volume is 100 mL (or 0.1 L). The molar mass of NaOH is 22.990 + 15.999 + 1.008 = 39.997 g/mol.

Mass (g) = 0.15 M x 0.1 L x 39.997 g/mol = 0.5999 g, which can be rounded to 0.60 g.

Answer:

is simultaneously oxidized and reduced, giving two different products.

Explanation:

Answer:

350g dextrose

Explanation:

To calculate how many g of dextrose are in 500ml of solution we have to know the following:

When we talk about x% m/v (mass / volume) it means that there are x grams of solute in 100 ml of solution. Then 70% means that there is 70g of dextrose per 100ml of solution.

To solve this we can say that if in 100 ml there are 70g. How many grams are in 500 ml?

We apply the simple three rule and solve:

   100ml -----------> 70g dextrose

   500ml----------> X g dextrose

500ml x 70g / 100ml = X

                         350g = X

There are 350 grams of dextrose in 500 ml of the 70% dextrose solution.

A 70% solution of dextrose means that the solution contains 70 grams of dextrose per 100 milliliters of solution.

To calculate the grams of dextrose in 500 ml of this solution, we can set up a proportion:

(70 g / 100 ml) = (x g / 500 ml)

To solve for x, we can cross-multiply and then divide:

70 g * 500 ml = 100 ml * x g

35,000 g·ml = 100 ml * x g

Dividing both sides by 100 ml: 350 g = x g

Thus, there are 350 grams of dextrose in 500 ml of the 70% dextrose solution.

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Citric acid is [tex]\boxed{{\text{weak electrolyte}}}[/tex].

Magnesium lactate is [tex]\boxed{{\text{strong electrolyte}}}[/tex].

Calcium lactate is [tex]\boxed{{\text{strong electrolyte}}}[/tex].

Potassium phosphate is [tex]\boxed{{\text{strong electrolyte}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

Electrolytes are substances that are able to conduct electricity due to presence of free charged particles or ions in their solutions.  

Strong electrolytes are the substances that are completely ionized in solutions. Due to their abilities to release free ions in solutions, these act as good conductors of electricity. Strong acids and bases dissociate completely in solutions so these are good conductors of electricity. Aqueous solution of sodium chloride is an example of strong electrolyte.

Weak electrolytes are the substances that ionize only partially in solutions. Weak acids and bases dissociate partially in solutions so these have conductivity less than that of strong electrolytes but more than that of nonelectrolytes. Aqueous solution of acetic acid acts as weak electrolyte.

Nonelectrolytes are substances that cannot form ions in aqueous solutions. Due to absence of free ions in their solutions, these cannot conduct electricity and act as poor conductors of electricity. Sugar or glucose solution acts as nonelectrolyte.

Citric acid is partially ionized in solutions so it acts as weak electrolyte.

Magnesium lactate is a salt made up of magnesium and lactate ions. Its dissociation occurs as follows:

[tex]{\text{Mg}}{\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_{\text{2}}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }} + 2{\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)^ - }[/tex]  

Since magnesium lactate is ionic salt and dissociates completely in solutions, it acts as strongelectrolyte.

Calcium lactate is a salt made up of calcium and lactate ions. Its dissociation occurs as follows:

[tex]{\text{Ca}}{\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_{\text{2}}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{2 + }} + 2{\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)^ - }[/tex]  

Since calcium lactate is ionic salt and dissociates completely in solutions, it acts as strongelectrolyte.

Potassium phosphate is a salt made up of potassium and phosphate ions. Its dissociation occurs as follows:

[tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{P}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}} \rightleftharpoons 3{{\text{K}}^ + } + {\text{PO}}_4^{3 - }[/tex]

Since potassium phosphate is ionic salt and dissociates completely in solutions, it acts as strongelectrolyte.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Strong and weak electrolytes

Keywords: calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, citric acid, potassium phosphate, weak electrolyte, strong electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, electrolytes.

1. **Convert the mass of A to moles:**

  - [tex]\(29.5 \, \text{g}\)[/tex] of A is approximately [tex]\(1.88 \, \text{mol}\)[/tex].

2. **Convert the number of moles of A to the number of moles of B:**

  - [tex]\(1.88 \, \text{mol}\)[/tex] of A corresponds to approximately [tex]\(2.82 \, \text{mol}\)[/tex] of B.

3. **Convert the number of moles of B to the molecules of B:**

  - [tex]\(2.82 \, \text{mol}\)[/tex] of B is approximately [tex]\(1.70 \times 10^{24}\)[/tex] molecules.

**Convert the mass of A to moles:**

The first step is to convert the mass of substance A to moles using its molar mass. The formula for moles [tex](\(n\))[/tex] is given by the mass [tex](\(m\))[/tex] divided by the molar mass [tex](\(M\)):[/tex]

[tex]\[ n_A = \frac{m_A}{M_A} \][/tex]

Given that the mass of substance A [tex](\(m_A\))[/tex] is 29.5 g and its molar mass [tex](\(M_A\))[/tex] is 15.7 g/mol:

[tex]\[ n_A = \frac{29.5 \, \text{g}}{15.7 \, \text{g/mol}} \approx 1.88 \, \text{mol} \][/tex]

**Convert the number of moles of A to the number of moles of B:**

The reaction ratio states that 2 moles of A produce 3 moles of B. Therefore, if [tex]\(n_A\)[/tex] is 1.88 mol, the corresponding moles of B [tex](\(n_B\))[/tex] can be calculated using the ratio:

[tex]\[ n_B = \frac{3}{2} \times n_A \][/tex]

[tex]\[ n_B = \frac{3}{2} \times 1.88 \, \text{mol} \approx 2.82 \, \text{mol} \][/tex]

**Convert the number of moles of B to the molecules of B:**

To convert moles of B to molecules [tex](\(N_B\))[/tex], you use Avogadro's number [tex](\(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) mol\(^{-1}\)):[/tex]

[tex]\[ N_B = n_B \times N_A \][/tex]

[tex]\[ N_B = 2.82 \, \text{mol} \times (6.022 \times 10^{23} \, \text{mol}^{-1}) \approx 1.70 \times 10^{24} \, \text{molecules} \][/tex]

The question probable may be:

In a chemical reaction, exactly 2 mol of substance A react to produce exactly 3 mol of substance B.

How many molecules of substance B are produced when 29.5 g of substance A reacts? The molar mass of substance A is 15.7 g/mol.

Convert the mass of A to moles

Convert the number of moles of A to the number of moles of B

Convert the number of moles of B to the molecules of B

We see that in 1 rock, there are 31 atoms of Argon and 1 atom of Potassium so the relative concentration of Potassium is:

1 / 32

or can be written as:

1 / 2^5

So this means that 5 half-lives have passed.

So the years are:

years passed = 5 * 1.25 billion years = 6.25 billion years

Answer:

1.3 billion years

Explanation:

An inorganic chemist can tackle air pollution via technological innovation like automobile catalytic converters, understanding the chemical behaviors of pollutants, and participate in policy-making to balance environmental and economic concerns.

An inorganic chemist could address concerns about air pollution in various ways, primarily through technological and chemical advancements. For instance, they research and develop devices to reduce air pollution, such as automobile catalytic converters. These devices reduce toxic emissions by using a specially selected blend of catalytically active metals, promoting complete combustion of all carbon-containing compounds to carbon dioxide and reducing nitrogen oxides' output. This process involves both adding and removing oxygen at different stages.

Additionally, they can work to understand the chemical behaviors and effects of pollutants. An example would be how sulfur dioxide interacts with calcium carbonate in a polluted environment, causing it to degenerate rapidly. The understanding of such interactions helps in the development of effective abatement strategies.

Finally, inorganic chemists may also contribute to policy-making by determining the environmental social costs of pollution, helping strike a balance between production and environmental quality. They can work on formulating market-oriented strategies for pollution control as a more flexible and economical alternative to government-imposed emission restrictions.

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Final answer:

Microwave ovens generate microwaves using a magnetron, which accelerates electrons to produce an alternating electric field. This results in dielectric heating of food, as the polar molecules, especially water, absorb the microwave energy and increase their temperature.

Explanation:

The element used in microwave equipment to produce microwaves is not a particular chemical element, but rather a device called a magnetron. The magnetron utilizes the interaction of electrons with a magnetic field to generate microwaves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.

These microwaves then induce an alternating electric field inside the oven, which causes polar molecules like water to align rapidly back and forth, creating heat through dielectric heating.

This is why substances such as water or food containing water heat up quickly in a microwave: the polar molecules absorb the microwave energy and effectively convert it into thermal energy.

It's helpful to know that the microwaves in a microwave oven are at a frequency that's optimally absorbed by water molecules, which is why food heats up while non-polar items, such as the plate or a ceramic cup, do not get as hot.

The rotational motion of these polar molecules increases, and the energy involved in this rotation is transferred to the surrounding environment in the form of heat, thus warming or cooking the food efficiently.

The electron is the subatomic particle that is specifically responsible for combining atoms together to form a new substance. It does this through chemical bonding, where the outer shell electrons of atoms interact with each other. This process forms the basis of all matter in the universe.

In the formation of substances, the subatomic particle that is specifically responsible for combining atoms together is the electron. In chemical bonds, it's the exterior electrons of the atoms that interact and form these bonds. For instance, in the formation of a molecule of water (H₂O), two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bond together, facilitated by the interactions of their electrons.

Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, made up of different subatomic particles, namely electrons, protons, and neutrons. The atom is regarded as the smallest unit of an element that carries the properties of that element. However, it's the electrons in the outer shell of an atom that play an integral role in the formation of different substances via chemical bonding.

These chemical bonds are the basis for all matter in the universe, ranging from the ionic lattice structure of NaCl (common salt) to covalent molecular structures like proteins and sugars found in living organisms. Therefore, comprehending the role of electrons in the atomic construction of matter is key to understanding the vast array of chemical phenomena that occur in our universe.

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Answer:

c. removal of a water molecule between each two units

Explanation:

Carbohydrates and proteins are polymers made up of simple units such as monosaccharides and amino acids respectively. When two amino acids join to form a peptide linkage a molecule of water is released. When two monosaccharides join to form a glycosidic linkage a molecule of water is released. Both these are examples of condensation reaction.

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the removal of a water molecule between each two units.

Polymerization is defined as the process by which small molecules (monomers) aggregate to form larger molecules called polymers.

Polymerization may occur in two ways;

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the removal of a water molecule between each two units. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids while the building blocks of carbohydrates are monosaccharides.

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