Answer:
B maybe
Explanation:
Answer:
Option A, The early solar system had large amounts of water; so, the oldest objects in the solar system should also be abundant in water.
Explanation:
A scientific claim is a evidence based statement that is tested and tried through experiment and reasoning.
Among all the given options none of the statement except the option A has a logical reasoning support or backup.
However, in option A the statement "old object in solar system are abundant of water" is based on the reason that "early solar systems had large amount of water"
Thus, option A is correct
The "enteric division" is part of which system
a. Cardiovascular
b. Lymphatic
c. Respiratory
d. Digestive
e. Endocrine
The answer is D, digestive.
what does reverse transcriptase use to form DNA
Answer:
-RNA molecule.
Explanation:
Reverse transcriptase or RT can be defined as an enzyme that synthesizes cDNA (complementary DNA) molecules by using RNA molecule as template. This process is known as reverse transcription.
Reverse transcriptase enzyme is found in many RNA viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Telomerase in an example of reverse transcriptase, which is found in eukaryotes and replicates ends of linear chromosomes.
Thus, the correct answer is 'RNA.'
Lymphatic vessels remove excess fluid from tissues. Often after mammexront( the surgical procedure to remove of all or part of a breast) the lymphatic vessels draining the arm are damaged. Explain a consequence of this damage. What can be done to reduce the symptoms?
List the cells that form bone tissue.
Answer:
The skeletal system of beings, especially human beings, is a pretty simple, and yet complex one. When talking about bone tissue, and bone structure, we have, in essence three main cell types which actually form it, while inside bones we have the appearance of other types of cells which are not directly related to the bone itself.
These three types of bone-related cells, are: the osteoblast, the osteocytes and the osteoclasts.
The osteoblast is essentially the basic cell unit of bone tissue and its orgin, like osteocytes, are the mesenchymal progenitor cells. The osteocyte, is another type of osteoblast but has the particular characteristic that it is start shaped, and it is immovable and trapped within the web created in a formed and calcified bone. They do not divide, they do not change, but remain during their period of life until they die. The third type is the osteoclast, the cell that is responsible for the reformation of bone tissue by breaking and reabsorbing bone tissue. An important fact about these cells is that through the process of reorption, they ensure the correct blood levels of calcium.
Plsss HELPPPPP IS THIS RIGHT?!!?,, if not please help and out
Cells can be divided into 2 main categories. Eukaryotes(right side) and prokaryotes.
What are 5 facts about cells?The facts about cells.
Cells are too small to see without a microscope.
There are two main types of cells.
1 Prokaryote were the earliest and most basic forms of life on Earth.
2 There are more bacteria in the body than in human cells.
3 Cells contain DNA.
4 Cells contain structures called organelles which have specific roles.
What are the 4 types of cells?The four type of cells are :
1 Nerve cell.
2 Muscle cells.
3 Epithelial cells.
4 Blood cells.
5 Stem cells.
6 Fat cells.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to name muscles?
a. location
b. size
c. origin and insertion
d. number of fibers
Answer:
I believe it's size
Muscles are defined as the organizational level that is formed by the aggregate of the tissues. The number of fibers is not the characteristic of name muscles. Thus, option d is correct.
What are muscles?Muscles have been part of the level of organization that is aggregates of the soft tissues that together make the organs of the organisms. Various muscles are involved in various functions. The skeletal, smooth and cardiac are the main muscles.
The muscles are named in three major ways that include the shape and size of the muscles compared to other muscles of the body. Like the cardiac muscles are unique to the circulatory system.
It can also be named by the virtue of its location and point of attachment which includes skeletal muscles that are attached to various ligaments. They can also be named based on their origin and action like the heart muscles.
The number of fibers is not a characteristic property to define and name the muscles of the body as fibers are the integral part that varies in number and cannot be accounted for in the naming.
Therefore, option d. a number of fibers are not used to name, muscles.
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Keeping in mind the life cycle of bacteriophages, consider the following problem: During the reproductive cycle of a temperate bacteriophage, the viral DNA inserts into the bacterial chromosome where the resultant prophage behaves much like a Trojan horse. It can remain quiescent, or it can become lytic and initiate a burst of progeny viruses. Several operons maintain the prophage state by interacting with a repressor that keeps the lytic cycle in check. Insults (ultraviolet light, for example) to the bacterial cell lead to a partial breakdown of the repressor, which in turn causes the production of enzymes involved in the lytic cycle. As stated in this simple form, would you consider this system of regulation to be operating under positive or negative control?
The system of regulation in bacteriophage life cycle operates under negative control, as the temperate phage remains inactive until stressors induce the lytic cycle.
Explanation:The regulation of the lytic and lysogenic cycles in bacteriophages can be characterized as being under negative control. In a lysogenic cycle, a temperate bacteriophage's DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome as a prophage. During this state, several operons maintain the prophage state by interacting with a repressor that prevents the initiation of the lytic cycle.
When environmental stressors such as ultraviolet light or toxic chemicals affect the bacterial cell, they lead to the breakdown of the repressor. This, in turn, causes the production of enzymes involved in the lytic cycle. Because the repressor actively inhibits the lytic cycle under normal conditions, and a stress-induced breakdown of the repressor is required to initiate the lytic cycle, this system of regulation is considered to be operating under negative control.
In the PNS, the ANS is responsible for the _____________ control of three effector tissue: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and ______________
a. Involuntary/somatic tissue
b. Voluntary/somatic tissue
c. Involuntary/glandular tissue
d. Voluntary/glandular tissue
e. Voluntary/skeletal muscle
Answer:
Involuntary/glandular tissue.
Explanation:
Autonomic nervous system is a part of peripheral nervous system that control the important functions of our body.
Autonomic nervous system control the involuntary actions of the body. This nervous system control the heart beat regulation ( cardiac muscle), contraction of smooth muscle and secretion of the glands of an organism's body.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Answer:
b. Voluntary/somatic tissue
e. Voluntary/skeletal muscle
Explanation:
b and e
Which of the following would not result in an increase in the arterial blood pressure?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Increased blood volume
c. Increased arteriolar vasodilation
d. Increased sympathetic stimulation
e. Increased stroke volume
f. Both a and e
g. Both b and c
h. Both d and e
i. a, b, c, and d
Answer:
Increased sympathetic stimulation....
The pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries is called arterial pressure. Increased sympathetic stimulation does not increase arterial blood pressure.
What is sympathetic stimulation?Sympathetic stimulation is the ability of the vessels to resist high blood pressure by the stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. This is essential for the prevention of over perfusion and dysfunction.
The sympathetic stimulation can raise the heart rate, constrict blood vessels, increase blood pressure, decreases large intestines movement and dilate the pupil of the eye.
When the sympathetic stimulation is increased then the blood pressure on the walls of the arteries remains unaffected and does not increase.
Therefore, option d. increased sympathetic stimulation does not increase arterial blood pressure.
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10. The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates a. Epiphyseal growth has ended b. Epiphyseal growth is just beginning c. Growth of bone in diameter is just beginning d. The bone is fractured at the location e. No particular event
Answer:
epiphyseal line indicates..
Explanation:
that the growth cycle has completed in this individual...the answer is A.
The presence of an epiphyseal line in a bone indicates that the growth, or lengthening, of that bone has ended. It occurs as a result of the hardening of the growth plate once the bone has reached its full length.
Explanation:The presence of an epiphyseal line in a bone indicates that the epiphyseal growth, or lengthening, of that bone has ended. The epiphyseal line is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate, also known as the growth plate, which is an area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones in children and adolescents. Once the bone has completed its growth in length, the growth plate hardens and becomes the epiphyseal line.
So, in the context of the options given, the correct answer would be 'a. Epiphyseal growth has ended'. This occurs when the individual reaches physical maturity, and thus, no more bone growth in length would occur from that point onwards.
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What is the purpose of the reflective material in the choroid coat? What is it called?
Answer:
Purpose: to impart better night vision to nocturnal animals by increasing the available light for photoreceptors.
It is called "tapetum lucidum".
Explanation:
The reflective material in the choroid coat of some nocturnal vertebrates is called "tapetum lucidum". Its function is to improve the night vision of nocturnal animals. The tapetum lucidum serves to reflect the dim light available in the night. The reflected light re-stimulates the photoreceptor cells present in the retina. This increases the available light for night vision.
Tapetum lucidum makes the eyes of nocturnal mammals to shine at night.
Final answer:
The reflective material in the choroid coat, known as the tapetum lucidum, reduces internal reflection of light, providing a clearer image and is especially beneficial for night vision in nocturnal animals. Humans, on the other hand, have melanin in the choroid coat to absorb light and prevent internal reflection.
Explanation:
Purpose of Reflective Material in the Choroid Coat
The purpose of the reflective material found in the choroid coat is to reduce reflection of stray light within the eye, enhancing visual acuity by preventing internal glare and light scattering. This reflective material, known as the tapetum lucidum, is particularly significant in nocturnal animals as it amplifies light to improve night vision. The tapetum lucidum achieves this by reflecting visible light back through the retina, thus giving animals with this layer better ability to see in low light conditions. The reflective effect of the tapetum lucidum also causes the eye-shine observed when light is shone into the eyes of certain animals at night.
In humans, however, this feature is absent as the human choroid coat is pigmented with melanin that serves to absorb light rather than reflect it. The melanin within the choroid coat ensures that any light entering the eye does not reflect internally, which would otherwise cause blurring and decrease in the sharpness of vision.
What region of the brain is considered the emotional brain
a. The limbic system
b. The amygdala
c. The cingulated gyrus
d. The insula
e. The hypothalamus
Answer:
The limbic system
Explanation:
Limbic system is also named as paleomammalian cortex. Limbic system is located on both sides of thalamus beneath the cerebrum temporal lobe.
The limbic system controls the different functions like behavior, long term memory and emotion. This system is also referred as emotional brain as it controls the emotional state of an organism.
Thus, the correct answer is option (a)
Answer:
The limbic system
Explanation:
The limbic system of the brain is considered the emotional brain.
Compare and contrast the two kingdoms of prokaryotes
Answer:
The two kingdoms of prokaryotes are kingdom archaea and eubacteria. Eubacteria
Eubacteria are the disease causing bacteria. They are more complex than archaea bacteria and are found almost everywhere. They are important to the ecosystem because they help with decomposition of materials. The defining feature of archaea bateria is its living environment. They thrive in environments with EXTREME temperatures. They can live in very hot or very cold areas.
Originally, prokaryotes were classified only in kingdom monera but new discoveries and technology led to the split.
Which type of epithelial tissue consists of a single row of flattened cells?
Answer:
Simple squamous epithelium
Explanation:
Simple squamous epithelium is the type of epithelial tissue that is made up of a single layer of cells. The cells are flat in shape. Each of the cells has a nucleus present in the center. The nucleus is also flattened or oval in shape. The function of simple squamous epithelium is to serve in filtration or diffusion as they are only one cell thick.
How does the eye work?
Light passes through the cornea, aqueous humor and when it passes through the lens, it is converged. The light passes through the vitreous humor and focuses on the fovea region of the retina. The Retina has photopigment (cones and rods). They perceive light and convert it to electrical impulses that are carried by the optical never to the brain. The iris controls the amount of light that enters the eye.
If the connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary were severed, damaging the neurons, the secretion of which type of chemical messenger (signal) would most directly be affected?
a) chemokines
b) neurotransmitters
c) releasing hormone
d) tropic hormone
Answer:
Tropic hormones
Explanation:
The damage probably occurred at the infindibular stalk or the pituitary stalk that links the hypothalamus to the pituitary glands. If this were to happen, then there would be no communication between the two endocrine glands and the chemical signals affected will be tropic hormones. This is because the releasing hormones from the hypothalamus will not be able to reach the pituitary glands to stimulate the release of the secondary hormones. Tropic hormones are hormones which have other glands as their targets for example Adenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH) that regulates how the steroid hormone cortisol is released by the adrenal glands. The picture below shows the pituitary stalk linking the hypothalamus to the pituitary glands.
Severing the connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland would directly affect the secretion of releasing hormones, impacting hormonal stimulation mechanisms.
If the connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary were severed, the secretion of releasing hormones would most directly be affected. The hypothalamus contains neurons that are responsible for secreting a variety of these hormones, such as Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), and Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), into the hypophyseal portal circulation.
This process then triggers the anterior pituitary gland to release its own hormones. Thus, if signaling and hormone release from the hypothalamus were blocked, the mechanism of hormonal stimulation would be affected.
The client has been told to consume more omega-3 fatty acids. What food could the nurse say is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
a.avocado
b.fatty fish
c. oatmeal
d. whole wheat bread
Why the Omega-3 fatty acids are important?
Answer:
I believe that the answer is B. fatty fish.
Explanation:
Fatty fish has been proven in numerous studies to contain a lot of omega-3 fatty acids. This is why the fish oils are often prescribed in gels. Omega-3 fatty acids contain essential nutrients that help prevent and manage heart disease. It decreases the chance of cardiac deaths. It also can help your brain and can treat depression and anxiety. Omega-3 fatty acids can even help improve your vision. Hope this helps!
Answer:
The answer is Fatty Fish.
Explanation:
A single muscle cell is called:
a. myofibril
b. sarcomere
c. muscle fiber
d. myofilament
A single muscle cell is known as a muscle fiber, which contains hundreds to thousands of myofibrils. The muscle fiber is encased in a plasma membrane called the sarcolemma and contains cytoplasm or sarcoplasm. Sarcomeres within myofibrils facilitate muscle contraction.
Explanation:A single muscle cell is called a muscle fiber. These are the individual cells that make up skeletal muscle tissue. Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a plasma membrane known as the sarcolemma, with a cytoplasm called the sarcoplasm. Muscle fibers are incredibly large cells, containing hundreds to thousands of myofibrils. Myofibrils are the long cylindrical structures that run parallel to the muscle fiber and give the muscle its striated appearance.
Within each muscle fiber, myofibrils are organized into units called sarcomeres, which is the smallest contractile portion of muscle tissue. The repeating units of sarcomeres along a myofibril are what lead to muscle contraction. Muscle fibers consist of myofilaments composed of the proteins actin and myosin organized in sarcomeres, allowing for the muscle contraction mechanism that is vital for movement.
small group of 100 people decide to isolate themselves from the world and move to a small and remote deserted island. Out of this population, 10 of the individuals have albino skin, which is due to the homozygous recessive condition (aa). Determine the frequency of the dominant (p) and recessive (q) allele? How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant (AA), heterozygous (Aa) and homozygous recessive (aa)?
Answer:
Frequency of p [tex]= 0.684[/tex]
Frequency of p [tex]= 0.316[/tex]
Number of individuals with homozygous dominant (AA) [tex]= 47[/tex]
Number of individuals with heterozygous (Aa)[tex]= 43[/tex]
Number of individuals with homozygous recessive (aa) [tex]= 10[/tex]
Explanation:
Out of 100 people, 10 have albino skin (aa)
So, the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals [tex](q^{2})[/tex] is [tex]\frac{10}{100} = 0.1[/tex]
Now, q will be
[tex]= \sqrt{q^{2} } = \sqrt{0.1} \\= 0.316[/tex]
As per Hardy Weinberg's equation -
[tex]p + q = 1[/tex]
Substituting the value of q in above equation, we get -
[tex]p + 0.316 = 1p = 1 -0.316\\p = 0.684[/tex]
Now the frequency of homozygous dominant (AA) will be
[tex]p^{2} = 0.684^{2} \\= 0.467[/tex]
Hence, out of 100 people [tex]0.467 * 100 = 46.7 or 47[/tex] people are homozygous dominant (AA)
Like wise out of 100 people [tex]0.1 * 100 = 10 [/tex] people are homozygous recessive (aa)
As per As per Hardy Weinberg's equation-
[tex]p^{2} + q^{2} + 2pq = 1\\[/tex]
Substituting the values in above equation, we get -
[tex]0.467 + 0.316 + 2pq = 1\\2pq = 1 -( 0.467+ 0.1)\\2pq = 0.433[/tex]
So, out of 100 people [tex]0.433 * 100 = 43.3 or 43[/tex] people are heterozygous (Aa)
Which of the following white blood cells represents around 4 percent of the total white lood cells and increase during an allergic reaction?
A. lymphocytes
B. neutrophils
C. eosinophils
D. basophils
Answer: Eosinophils
Explanation:
Eosinophils can be defined as a type of white blood cell whose number increases in the blood when there is any infection in the body or at the time of any allergic reaction or even in case of cancer.
Presence of more than 500 eosinophils per mL of blood is normal in an adult but more than 1500 eosinophils per mL of blood shows infection and if lasts for several months then the condition will be hypereosinophils.
So, the correct answer is eosinophiles.
Why is heating a first step in PCR amplification of extracted DNA?
The enzyme DNA polymerase works at a higher temperature.
It permits hydrogen bonds between DNA strands to dissociate.
The nucleotides bind together at high heat.
It is required for primers to bind permanently to the DNA.
It is necessary for DNA strands to anneal to each other.
Answer:
Option). It permits hydrogen bonds between DNA strands to dissociate.
Explanation:
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) techniques can bed defined as a technique, which is used for in vitro amplification of sample DNA. It is made up of three steps, denaturation, primer annealing, and extension.
The first step in PCR is heating of sample DNA to denature the double stranded DNA by breaking hydrogen bonding present between bases of double stranded DNA.
Due to this, double strands of DNA get separated and provide templates for synthesis of daughter DNA strands.
Thus, the correct answer is second option.
Signaling molecules released at a synapse are called ______________.
Answer: neurotransmitters
Explanation:
The neurotransmitters are the chemicals which are released at the synaptic cleft or synapse present between the two neurons. These are the chemical messengers which carries the signals from one neuron to other and helps in transmission of the information. The chemical molecules of the neurotransmitters usually diffuse across the synaptic cleft and they bind to the receptors of the postsynaptic cells.
Answer:
Neurotransmitters
Explanation:
Signaling molecules released at a synapse are called neurotransmitters.
The membrane surrounding a bone is the _________.
Answer:
endosteum
Explanation:
The membrane surrounding a bone is the endosteum.
The membrane surrounding a bone is the endosteum.
Which cranial nerve innervates several different systems including blood pressure, digestion, and cardiac rhythm?
Answer:
Vagus nerve.
Explanation:
Vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve and largest among all the cranial nerves. This nerve transmits information to or from the surface of brain to the tissue or organ.
Vagus nerve is responsible for regulation of various functions like sweating, blood pressure, digestion, peristalsis and cardiac rhythmicity. Cranial nerve innervates in different system of body like digestion, blood pressure and cardiac rhythm.
Antagonistic control of efferent output is typical of the __________ division.
a. somatic
b. sensory
c. autonomic
d. A and B
e. A and C
Answer:
autonomic
Explanation:
Peripheral nervous system is divided into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system .
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are the divisions of autonomic nervous system. These divisions of autonomic nervous system works in antagonistic manner. Autonomic nervous system regulates the antagonistic control of the efferent output by the divisions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
True or False. Anaerobic glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
False
Explanation:
it occurs in cytoplasm
John is 17 and has been drinking heavily since he was 12. He drinks almost every day, but when he is particularly anxious, he drinks until he passes out. His father and his grandfather were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder; his father died of liver failure when John was 14. His mother and older brother do not drink at all, and they have always told John that he is the family’s black sheep, the rebellious one who is destined to be like his father. John feels that he has no idea who he is and is in desperate search of a self-identity. Based on the multipath model, write a brief essay considering the causes of John's behavior. Are genetics to blame? Early childhood experience? Problems with cognition/thought distortion? Wider society? There is no length requirement. Please make sure you address the issues and defend your opinion thoroughly.
Answer:
John is clearly going through a lot. There's many things that could of cause drinking at a young age. To really know the cause of the heavy use, we need to go back when he was 12. I don't believe this was really caused by genetics. although the dad and grandfather was drinking, this is a learnt behavior. Children tend to follow a parent's path in life. being around drinking as a kid, can have deep impacts on a child's development. this could have of all started when his dad left an open beer out one day. This is the same with children who is around smoking parents. Although they might say "Don't ever smoke", the children is gonna end up smoking if something doesn't stop. When john's father died, it could of had another really serious impact on him. Plus, we dont know if there was any abusive behaviors going on. I dont think that drinking is the main issue in this case. Im not a psychologist, but i notice early signs of depression and possibly death. I do notice signs of an anxiety disorder also. I feel as if john's mother is adding on to the problem, by not supporting him and being there for him.
Explanation:
The causes of John's behavior relate to genetics, early childhood experiences, cognition/thought distortion, and wider society.
Explanation:The causes of John's behavior can be attributed to a combination of factors. Genetics plays a role, as both his father and grandfather were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. Early childhood experiences, such as growing up in a family where alcohol misuse and negative labels were present, can also contribute. Additionally, problems with cognition and thought distortion, particularly related to anxiety, may drive John to drink excessively. Lastly, wider society and the stigma associated with being the 'black sheep' of the family may affect John's self-identity and exacerbate his behavior.
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How does the size of the olfactory bulb in sheep compare to the size in humans? What might this tell you about the sense of smell in the sheep’s survival, in particularly regarding how it acquires food?
Answer:
-The size of sheep olfactory bulb is two to three time larger than humans olfactory bulb.
-Sheep has strong sense of smell that helps the sheep to acquire food.
Explanation:
- The size of the sheep brain is much smaller than humans but sheep has well developed olfactory bulb than humans. The human brain is more circular in shape whereas sheep brain is more extended.
- The well developed olfactory bulb in sheep helps the sheep to find the food. Sheep has strong sense of smell due to large olfactory bulb. Sheep can easily find the location of food located farway from it as the sheep has strong sense of smell.
In guinea pigs, a single gene with two alleles (B and b) determines coat color. Black (B) is dominant over white (b). A guinea pig from a true-breeding black strain is mated with a guinea pig from a true-breeding white strain. The F1 progeny are all black. Two of the F1 progeny are mated with each other. What proportion of the black F2 progeny is expected to be heterozygous?
How many bones are found in the cranium and the face?
Answer:
Cranium has eight bones.
Face has fourteen bones.
Explanation:
Facial skeleton comprises of fourteen bones namely –
a) Nasal conchae – two in numbers
b) Lacrimal bones – two in numbers
c) Vomer – one single bone
d) Maxilla – two in numbers
e) Nasal bones – two in numbers
f) Mandible – one single bone
g) zygomatic bones – two in numbers
h) Palatine bones – two in numbers
The cranium has eight bones in its structure namely –
a) Temporal bones – two in numbers
b) Sphenoid
c) Occipital
d) Ethmoid
e) frontal bone
f) Parietal bones – two in numbers
Answer:
The cranium has eight bones and the face has fourteen bones.
Explanation:
The head consists of the skull, face, scalp, teeth, brain, cranial nerves, meninges, special sense organs, and other structures such as blood vessels, lymphatics, and fat. It is also the place where food is eaten and air is inhaled and exhaled.
The bones of the head are divided into two parts: the cranium and the face skeleton (viscerocranium). The cranium provides the envelope for the brain and encephalic meninges, proximal parts of the cranial nerves and blood vessels. The Face Skeleton consists of bones that surround the mouth and nose and contribute to the orbits.
In total, the cranium has 8 bones. they are: Frontal (01), Occipital (01), Sphenoid (01), Ethmoid (01), Temporal (02), Parietal (02).
While the face has 14 bones. They are: Jaw (01), Vomer (01), Zygomatic (02), Maxilla (02), Palatine (02), Nasal (02), Lacrimal (02), Lower Nasal Shell (02).