Based on the equation, how many grams of Br2 are required to react completely with 36.2 grams of AlCl3?
AlCl3 + Br2 → AlBr3 + Cl2

Answer:

(B) 73.0 hours.

Explanation:

So, the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M is (B) 73.0 hours.

Answer: C. During all hours of operation

Explanation:

The food establishments are the places such as restaurants, cafeterias, food stands and lunchrooms. The person in-charge of the food establishment should remain available at the establishments at all hours of operations. This is because the food establishment person in-charge usually has to look upon operations such as arrangement of the food raw materials, arrangement of kitchen, cooking food and serving it to clients. Such a person will also take into charge of making the bill and collecting the money.

A Person in Charge must be present in a food establishment during all hours of operation to monitor and maintain health and safety standards consistently throughout the day. They handle conflict resolution and enforce correct food handling and cleanliness practices.

In regards to food safety and health regulations, a Person in Charge is required to be present in food establishments during all hours of operation (Option C). This is to ensure that health and safety standards are maintained consistently throughout the day, regardless of potential fluctuations in customer traffic or staff shifts.

Having a Person in Charge present at all times is vital for both conflict resolution and to assure that all food handling practices and general cleanliness standards are being met, therefore ensuring public safety. It also allows for immediate response to any potential foodborne illness situations.

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Answer:

Explanation:

1) Find the z-scores:

a) z-score for 22.6 inches length

b) z-score for 17.4 inches length

2) Probability

Then, you have to find the probability that the length of an infant is between - 1.00 and 1.00 standards deviations (σ) from the mean (μ).

That is a well known value of 68%, which is part of the 68-95-99.7 empirical rule.

The most exact result is obtained from tables and is 68.26%:

The question wanted you to round the answer to the nearest whole number so the correct answer for acellus is 68%

Answer:

The correct option is C.

Explanation:

Nuclear and chemical reactions are two types of reactions that one usually encounter in chemistry. These two reactions differ from each other significantly. For instance, the nuclear reactions usually involve the nucleus of the involving atoms while chemical reactions has to do with the electrons that are located outside of the nucleus of the atoms. Also, it is only chemical reaction that are influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, catalyst, etc. Such factors does not determine the rate of nuclear reactions.

Atoms are not involved in nuclear reactions, temperature affects chemical reactions, nuclear reactions are not predictable

One way that nuclear reactions differ from chemical reactions is that atoms are not involved in nuclear reactions. In nuclear reactions, the nucleus of an atom undergoes changes, while in chemical reactions, it is the arrangement of atoms and the bonding between them that changes.

On the other hand, chemical reactions are affected by temperature and can be sped up or slowed down by changes in temperature. In contrast, nuclear reactions are not significantly influenced by temperature.

Nuclear reactions are not predictable in the same sense as chemical reactions. The rate and outcome of nuclear reactions cannot be determined solely by the initial conditions and the stoichiometry of the reactants, as is the case in chemical reactions.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Compounds are pure substances formed by two or more different kind of atoms.

For example, H₂O, and CaCO₃ are compounds.

Elements can not be separated into other substances by a chemical change. The process to change an element into other substance (different element) is a nuclear reaction (transmutation).

Mixtures are not pure substances and can be separated into other substances by physical changes: for example, a brine can be separated into salt and water by evaporation.

Answer:

25

I hope this helps

20 moles of O2 are consumed if 20 moles of SO2 are produced.

The mole, is the SI base unit of amount of substance. The quantity amount of substance is a measure of how many elementary entities of a given substance are in an object or sample.

1) Balanced chemical equation:

S + O₂ → SO₂

2) Mole ratios:

1 mol S : 1 mol O₂ : 1 mol SO₂

3) Proportion:

1 mol SO₂ / 1 mol O₂ = 20 mol SO₂ / x

4) Solve for x:

x = 20 mol SO₂ × 1 mol O₂ / 1 mol SO₂ = 20 mol O₂.

The answer is 20 moles.

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Answer:

A. 0,01086 [543⁄50000]m/s

Explanation:

Just double the rate to get your answer.

I hope this helps you out alot, and as always, I am joyous to assist anyone at any time.

The alpha carbon is the central carbon in an amino acid and is bonded to the amino and carboxyl groups, as well as the R group. The beta carbon is bonded to the alpha carbon. These differences in bonding arrangements contribute to the differences in properties and functions of amino acids.

The alpha (a) carbon and the beta (b) carbon are both important structural components of amino acids. The alpha carbon is the central carbon atom in an amino acid, and it is bonded to the amino group, the carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and the R group. The R group is what differentiates one amino acid from another. On the other hand, the beta carbon is not directly connected to the amino or carboxyl group, but it is bonded to the alpha carbon. The difference in the bonding arrangements of these two carbons gives rise to differences in the properties and functions of amino acids.

Answer:

North Korea (The Korean War).

Explanation:

When Korea was liberated from Japanese control at the end of the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed temporarily to divide Korea at the 38th parallel of latitude north of the equator. This division resulted in the formation of two countries: communist North Korea (supported by the Soviets) and South Korea (supported by the United States).

Answer:

The United States was successful in containing communism in South Korea, since it prevented its expansion into South Korea through its participation in the Korean War.

Explanation:

The Korean War was fought between 1950 and 1953 between communist North Korea and prowest South Korea. North Korea was militarily supported in the war by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. South Korea was supported by the United Nations and received military assistance from various UN countries, led by the United States.

The direct cause of the conflict was the division of the Korean territory, that was annexed by Japan in 1910 after World War II. The northern part was occupied by the Soviet Union and the southern part by the United States. The 38th parallel was taken as the dividing line. The division would be temporary, but both parts soon developed into their own entities. The northern part became communist and the south became democratic. There was soon no longer a question of a peaceful merger of the two parts, and both parts considered using military force to conquer the other part.

After various border conflicts, the war started on June 25, 1950 with an invasion of North Korea on the south and ended on July 27, 1953 with a ceasefire, without a real winner having emerged. The new dividing line came close to the 38th parallel.

The most important result of this war was the rejection of communism from South Korea, which constituted itself as a main democratic force in Asia, along with Japan, thanks to the American support in the conflict.

Answer:

\boxed{\text{52.9 kJ/mol}}

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we must use the Arrhenius equation:

[tex]\ln \dfrac{k_{2}}{k_{1}} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{R}\left(\dfrac{1}{T_{2}} - \dfrac{1}{T_{1}}\right)[/tex]

The activation energy depends on the starting temperature, so, let's assume that

T₁ = 25 °C = 298.15 K

T₂ = 35 °C = 308.15 K

k₂/k₁ = 2

This gives

[tex]\ln \dfrac{k_{2}}{k_{1}} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{R}\left(\dfrac{1}{T_{2}} - \dfrac{1}{T_{1}}\right)\\\\\ln \dfrac{2}{1} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{8.314}\left(\dfrac{1}{308.15} - \dfrac{1}{298.15}\right)\\\\\ln 2 = \dfrac{E_{a}}{8.314}\left(3.3540 \times 10^{-3} - 3.2452\times 10^{-3}\right)\\\\8.314 \ln 2 = E_{a}\left(1.088 \times 10^{-4}\right)\\\\E_{a} = \dfrac{8.314 \ln 2}{1.088 \times 10^{-4}}\\\\E_{a} = 5.29 \times 10^{4}\text{ J/mol}\\\\E_{a} = \boxed{\textbf{52.9 kJ/mol}}[/tex]

Answer:

it is a spontaneous reaction.

Explanation:

It gets squeeze together so tightly that four hydrogen nuclei combine to form one helium atom. This is called nuclear fusion. In the process some of the mass of the hydrogen atoms is converted into energy in the form of light. The same process occurs in thermonuclear (fusion) bombs.

The fusion of two nuclei lighter than iron or nickel generally releases energy while the fusion of nuclei heavier than iron or nickel absorbs energy; vice-versa for the reverse process, nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion of light elements releases the energy that causes stars to shine and hydrogen bombs to explode.

Nuclear fission is the break down of a heavy nuclei to lighter isotopes. Nuclear fission is a spontaneous uncontrollable process. The chain reaction that results cannot be controlled naturally.

Nuclear fission is the process of decomposition of heavy radioactive unstable nuclei to produce two lighter nuclei which are having more half life. If the new products are of less half time they again undergoes fission.

Nuclear fission results in the release of tremendous energy that is used to generate power. The emission of alpha or beta particles by the radioactive nuclei results in the formation of new products.

Sometime the fission process goes uncontrolled through a chain reaction, where the first product again undergo fission to produce new isotopes which further initiates another fission if they are not stable.

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Answer: D. with the others in the car

In the frame of reference when you look at others riding with you in the car, they look motionless but yet are moving. If we look at a moving car from outside of the car, it appears in motion. Now if you happen to be running at the same speed as the car and you look over it would appear motionless again.

Any questions please feel free to ask. Thanks!

Answer:

The best answer to the question: In what frame of reference would you be at rest while riding in a car, would be, indeed, D: the others in the car.

Explanation:

The reason for this being the correct answer comes mostly from the way that our brains perceive movement, or rest, depending on the motion, or state of movement, of others and of things. In this case, we are being to ask when we would perceive ourselves to be in a state of rest while being inside a moving vehicle, relative to other subjects and objects around. Since the car is moving, if the person looks out the window towards people on the streets, or a child pulling a wagon, or a bridge over a highway, the perception will be that I am moving, relative to the others, and therefore, I am not at rest. But in the moving vehicle, with others in the same state as I am, those people are static and so am I, and therefore I can assume that in this frame of reference, I am at rest while riding a car.

Answer: A. is your correct option

Explanation: meow meow meow meow meow

Between points 3 and 4, energy is being used to heat water.

Melting and boiling are the physical phenomenon in which state of the matter changes.

Hence, energy is used to heat water.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The mole fraction of a component is the ratio of the number of moles of the component to the total number of moles of the solution.

Now, the number of moles of each component is determined from its molar mass as:

Thus, you can write:

        Molar mass CH₄O = 32.04 g/mol

        Number of moles CH₄O = mass CH₄O / 32.04 g/mol

        Molar mass C₂H₆O = 46.07 g/mol

        Number moles C₂H₆O = mass of C₂H₆O / 46.07 g/mol

Since both masses are equal, call them m.

Mole fraction of CH₄O =  [ m / 32.04 ] / [ m / 32.04 + m / 46.07]

         [ 1 / 32.04] / [1 / 32.04 + 1 /46.07] = 0.5898

Since, the sum of the mole fractions of all the components is 1 and  there are only two components:

Mole fraction of C₂H₆O = 1 - 0.5898 = 0.4102

Those numbers are rounded to four significant figures.

Answer:

Explanation:

Ionic compounds, such as covalent ones, have zero net charge; this is, they are neutral.

Substances with net positive charge are cations and substances with net negative charge are anions.

The charges in the ionic compound calcium flouride are distributed in this way:

So, a two positve charge, from one calcium ion, is equal to two negative charges, from two fluoride tions, yielding a zero net charge.

Answer:

1.5 atm.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

P₁ = 3.65 atm, V₁ = 22.4 L, T₁ = 22°C + 273 = 295 K,

P₂ = ??? atm, V₂ = 57.4 L, T₂ = 38°C + 273 = 311 K,

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

∴ P₂ = (P₁V₁T₂)/(V₂T₁) = (3.65 atm)(22.4 L)(311 K)/(57.4 atm)(295 L) = 1.5 atm.

Final answer:

Using the combined gas law, the new pressure of the nitrogen gas after it is expanded to 57.4 L and heated to 38
°C is approximately 1.267 atm.

Explanation:

To calculate the new pressure of the nitrogen gas after expansion and heating, we can use the combined gas law, which is an amalgamation of Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws:

P1V1/ T1 = P2 V2/ T2,

where P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures, V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes, and T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures in Kelvin. Applying the given values:

P1 = 3.65 atm

V1 = 22.4 L

T1 = 22 °C + 273 = 295 K

V2 = 57.4 L

T2 = 38 °C + 273 = 311 K

By plugging these values into the combined gas law, we can solve for P2:

3.65 atm 22.4 L / 295 K = P2  57.4 L / 311 K

Now solve for P2:

P2 = (3.65 atm 22.4 L / 295 K) (311 K / 57.4 L)

After calculating, the final pressure P2 is found to be approximately 1.267 atm (when rounded to three significant figures).

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\Answer:

Explanation:

Answer:

Molarity of NaOH = 0.212M, Molarity of HCl = 0.436M

Explanation:

Before answering the question, it is crucial to write out the chemical equation between HCl and NaOH. This is given below as;

HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O

HCl is the Acid and NaOH is the base.

From the reaction we can tell that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH.

We use the acid base relationship in calculating unknown concentration;

[tex]\frac{CaVa}{CbVb} = \frac{Na}{Nb}[/tex]

The question stated the following;

Volume of NaOH (Vb) = 25.0ml

Concentration of NaOH (Cb) = 0.212M

Volume of HCl (Va) = 13.6ml

Concentration of HCl (Ca) = ?

From the equation above;

Na = 1

Nb = 1

[tex]Ca = \frac{NaCbVb}{VaNb}[/tex]

Cb = (1 * 0.212 * 25) / (13.6 * 1)

Cb = 0.436 M

'Heavy' hydrogen (the isotope deuterium) , 2/1H is involved ,

[2= mass number, 1= atomic (proton) number]

2/1H + 2/1H → 3/2He + 1/0n

Answer:

Na⁺, A³⁻

Explanation:

For easy calculation, let's say you have mixed 1 L of each of these solutions to make 4 L total.

Citric acid (H₃A) has three acidic hydrogens.

The equilibria are

1. H₃A + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + H₂A⁻;   pKₐ =    3.08

2. H₂A⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + HA²⁻; pKₐ =    4.44

3. HA²⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + A³⁻;    pKₐ =   5.40

4. A³⁻ + H₂O ⇌ OH⁻ + HA²⁻ ;    pKb  =  8.60

5. 2H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻;           pKw  = 14.00

Now, we adjust to pH 9.

Let's look at the weakest acid (Equation3),

pH = pKa + log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])

9 = 5.40 + log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])

log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])= 3.6

[A³⁻]/[HA²⁻] = 10^3.6  = 4000

[A³⁻]= 4000[HA²⁻]

In other words, at pH 9, the weakest acid is completely neutralized. Then, the stronger acids are also completely neutralized.

It takes 3 mol of NaOH to neutralize the H₃A, 2 mol of NaOH for the NaH₂A, and 1 mol NaOH for the Na₂HA.

So, 6 mol of NaOH will neutralize the three acids, bring the pH to 9, and make a total volume of 10 L.

The final solution contains the species: H₃A, H₂A⁻, HA²⁻, A³⁻, Na⁺, H₃O⁺, and OH⁻.

Now we must assess their relative amounts.

Na⁺: 6 mol for neutralization + 6 mol in the original solution = 12 mol.  

[Na⁺] = 1.2 mol·L⁻¹

A³⁻: 1 mol from each of the four solutions = 4 mol A³⁻.

[A³⁻] = 0.4 mol·L⁻¹

The other species all have concentrations less than 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹.

The major species are Na⁺ and A³⁻.

Final answer:

The major species in the solution are citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate.

Explanation:

The major species in the solution after combining equal volumes of 1 M solutions of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate, and adjusting the pH to 9.5 using 1 M NaOH, are:

These species are formed based on the acidic and basic properties of the compounds involved.

Half-life it tells you about the amount of time needed that half of the quantity of an isotope to disintegrate.

For carbon-14, assuming that the daughter isotope is a stable one and does not disintegrate further, you have:

parent isotope           daughter isotope             years

100%                            0%                                     0

50%                             50%                                  5,730

25%                             75%                                  11,460

exothermic reaction because the energy absorbed during breaking the bonds of the reactants is less than the energy realised

The reaction is a exergonic reaction.

An exergonic response is a synthetic response where the adjustment in the free vitality is negative demonstrating an unconstrained response. For procedures that occur under steady weight and temperature conditions, the Gibbs free vitality is utilized though the Helmholtz vitality is utilized for procedures that happen under consistent volume and temperature conditions.  

In exergonic reaction, during bond breakage energy is required whereas the formation of the bond releases energy. Although exergonic responses are said to happen immediately, this doesn't infer that the response will occur at a perceptible rate.

Answer:

Here's what I find.

Explanation:

Iodine-131

Iodine-131 is both a beta emitter and a gamma emitter.

[tex]_{53}^{131}\text{I}\longrightarrow \, _{54}^{131}\text{Xe} +\, _{-1}^{0}\text{e} +\, _{0}^{0}\gamma[/tex]

About 90 % of the energy is β-radiation and 10 % is γ-radiation. Both forms are highly energetic.

The main danger is from ingestion. The iodine concentrates in thyroid gland, where the β-radiation destroys cells up to 2 mm from the tissues that absorbed it.

Both the β- and γ-radiation cause cell mutations that can later become cancerous. Small doses, such as those absorbed from the nuclear disasters in the Ukraine and Japan, can cause cancers years after the original iodine has disappeared.

Plutonium-239

Plutonium-239 is an alpha emitter.

[tex]_{94}^{239}\text{U} \longrightarrow \, _{92}^{235}\text{Xe} + \, _{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, so external exposure isn't much of a health risk.

However, they are extremely dangerous when they are inhaled and get inside cells. They travel first to the blood or lymph system and later to the bone marrow and liver, where they cause up to 1000 times more chromosomal damage than beta or gamma rays.

It takes about 20 years for plutonium to be eliminated from the liver around 50 years for from the skeleton, so it has a long time to cause damage.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

a) Chemical formula: C₆H₁₂O₆

b) Molecular weight, MM = 180.16 g/mol

c) mass, m = 19.1 g

c) n = ?

2) Formula:

3) Soltuion:

Substitute the data:

The significant figures start with the first non-zero digit after the decimal point, so they are 1, 0, and 6, i.e. three significant figures.

Final answer:

To find the number of moles of glucose in 19.1g, divide the mass of glucose by its molar mass (180.16 g/mol), resulting in approximately 0.106 moles.

Explanation:

The molecular weight of glucose (C6H12O6) is 180.16 grams per mole (g/mol). To calculate the number of moles in a given mass of glucose, we use the formula:

Number of moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

For 19.1g of glucose, the calculation would be:

Number of moles = 19.1 g / 180.16 g/mol

This equals approximately 0.106 moles of glucose, which is the answer when expressed using three significant figures.

You can conclude that a wetland you encounter is a swamp if it contains a variety of trees and shrubs since this characteristic is specific to swamps among different types of wetlands.

When you encounter a wetland and conclude that it's a swamp, the feature that would help you reach this conclusion is the presence of a variety of trees and shrubs. Swamps are characterized by having woody plants such as trees and shrubs, and water flow in swamps is generally slow. The presence of carnivorous plants by itself does not distinguish swamps from other wetlands like bogs and peat marshes, which also contain such plants. Location near a lake or coast does not necessarily identify a wetland as a swamp specifically

According to the Le-chatelier principle,

the equilibrium constant of an system is affected by following three factors:

1.Concentration of reacting substance

2.Temperature to carryout the reaction

3.Pressure provided during the reaction

Answer:

Explanation:

Solubility is the term used to designate the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent, at a given temperature and pressure.

At start, you begin with pure water in the glass. This water is a pure substance, not a solution.

When you begin pouring sodium chloride into the glass of water, a solution, i.e. a homogenous mixture of solute and solvent, is formed.

This solution, at first, is diuted, which means that it contanins just few grams (matter) of the solute dissolved.

As, more sodium chloride is dissolved, the solution becomes more concentrated but is unsaturated. At some point, the water cannot dissolve more sodium chloride, because it has reached the maximum amount that can contain at that temperature and pressure. Then, the solution is saturated.

You can tell that the water is saturated, ie it contaiins the maximum amount of sodium chloride that can be dissolved, by that amount of water, at the given temperature, because from that point, you will note that as you pour more sodium chloride, it begins to pile up at the bottom of the glass. Hence, the true statement is the letter D: the water is saturated.

When sodium chloride starts to pile up at the bottom of the glass, it indicates that the water is saturated with dissolved salt and cannot dissolve any more, reaching a state of dynamic equilibrium between dissolving and recrystallization.

When the student observed that sodium chloride was piling up at the bottom of a glass of water, the correct statement is that the water is saturated. This means that the water cannot dissolve any more sodium chloride, regardless of how much extra is added. The previously dissolved NaCl(s) reaches a dynamic equilibrium with NaCl(aq), where the rate of salt dissolving into the water is equal to the rate of dissolved sodium chloride returning to its solid form. This equilibrium is the reason why any additional sodium chloride simply accumulates at the bottom of the glass without dissolving.

Moreover, when sodium chloride dissolves in water, it dissociates into sodium and chloride ions which are then surrounded by water molecules due to the polar nature of water. This hydrating process contributes to the increase in entropy, a measure of disorder, in the system.

Answer:

Equilibrium shifts to produce more reactant

Explanation:

This will increase the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted to the lift side (reactants side) to suppress the increase in the concentration of Products.

So, the right choice is: Equilibrium shifts to produce more reactant

Answer:

Explanation:

Ionic bond is a bond which is formed as a result of transfer of electrons between an electronegative atom and very weakly electronegative one. For ionic bonds to be formed, an electronegativity difference greater than 0.7 between the two atoms must be achieved. This bond is usually between a metal and a non-metal. Due to this electron transfer, the atoms becomes oppositely charged.

Ionic compounds typically are soluble in polar solvents, they conduct electricity and are usually hard solids

                                                    while

Covalent bonds are formed as a result of sharing of electrons between atoms having zero or small electronegativity difference. The difference in electronegativity is usually less than 0.5. Most of the compounds are usually non-polar but in some cases when there is an uneven sharing of electrons, the compounds becomes polar.

Covalent compounds are usually gases and volatile liquids, most are non-conductors and are insoluble in polar solvents.

                                                 while

Metallic bonds are usually found in metals. They join atoms of metals and their alloys together. This bond type stems from an attraction between the positive nuclei of all closely packed atoms in the lattice and the electron cloud resulting from loss of valence electronic shells. The metallic bonds conditions the properties of metals like conductivity, malleability e.t.c.

Ionic bonds involve electrostatic attraction between a metal and a nonmetal, covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons between nonmetals, and metallic bonds entail a 'sea of electrons' moving freely among metal atoms.

Understanding the differences between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds is fundamental in chemistry. Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic forces that exist between ions of opposite charges, typically involving a metal and a nonmetal. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound where a sodium ion (Na⁺) and a chloride ion (Cl⁻) are held together by this type of bond. On the other hand, covalent bonds are the result of two atoms, usually nonmetals, sharing a pair of electrons to achieve stability. An example of a covalent bond is the one found in a water molecule (H₂O) where each hydrogen shares an electron with oxygen. Lastly, metallic bonds are characterized by a 'sea of electrons' that are free to move around, which is what gives metals their characteristic properties like conductivity. This type of bond occurs between metal atoms, such as in copper or iron.

Answer:

Explanation:

This table shows how the electron configurations of the representative groups can be compared.

Group        last shell of the electron configuration

1                 n s¹

2                n s²

13               n s² p¹

14               n s² p²

15               n s² p³

16               n s² p⁴

17               n s² p⁵

18               n s² p⁶

That means that, for example, that the electron configurations of all the elements of the group 17, halogens (F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts) terminate is n s² p⁵, where n is the principal quantum number (main energy level), which may take the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

And this structure shows the reason behind the similarity of the chemical properties of the elements within a group, given that the outermost electrons, i.e the valence electrons, are which mostly participate in the chemical reactions.

For the gropus 3 trhough 12, the metal transitions, the comparison must include the filling of the orbitals d and f.

Answer:

Explanation:

Law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be either created or destroyed.

A skeleton chemical equation shows the reactants and products of a chemical reaction without taking into account the real proportion in which the reactants combine and the products are obtained.

An example of a skeleton reaction is the combustion of methane:

Such as that equation is shown, there are four atoms of hydrogen in the reactants but only 2 atoms of hydrogen in the products. Also, there are 2 atoms of oxygen in the reactants but three atoms of oxygen in the products. This seems to show that some atoms of hydrogen have been destroyed and some atoms of oxygen have been created. This is impossible as it is against the law of conservation of matter.

Then, to show a real situation, the chemical equation of combustion must be balanced, adjusting the coefficients. This is the balanced chemical equation:

Now you see that the number of atoms of each matter is conserved: the number of carbon atoms in each side is 1, the number of atoms of hydrogen in each side is 4, and the number of atoms of oxygen in each side is 4. Thus, by balancing the chemical equation, the law of conservation of mass is not violated.

Chemical equations are balanced to comply with the law of conservation of matter by showing equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation, reflecting the conserved nature of matter during reactions and allowing accurate stoichiometric calculations.

We balance chemical equations to respect the law of conservation of matter, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. A balanced chemical equation ensures that there is an equal number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation, which reflects that matter is conserved during a chemical reaction. The coefficients in a chemical equation are used to represent the stoichiometric ratios and must be the simplest whole number ratio to illustrate the proportional relationship between reactants and products.

Chemical equations show the transformation of reactants into products, and balancing them allows chemists to predict the amounts of reactants needed and products formed. It is also essential for finding the limiting reagent, which dictates the maximum amount of product that can be formed.