Bacteria often contain plasmids, which are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that can carry genes conferring beneficial traits such as antibiotic resistance.
Explanation:Small circular molecules of DNA that are commonly found in bacteria are known as plasmids. These double-stranded DNA molecules are extrachromosomal, which means they exist independently of the bacterial chromosomal DNA. In the prokaryotic cells of bacteria, plasmids are located in the cytoplasm since bacteria lack a nucleus where eukaryotic DNA is typically found. The central region where the bacterial DNA resides is referred to as the nucleoid. Plasmids play a crucial role in the survival and adaptation of bacteria as they can carry genes that provide advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance. These plasmids can also be transferred between bacteria, a process which can lead to the spread of traits such as antibiotic resistance.
The bacterial DNA is organized within the nucleoid and a bacterium may have multiple plasmids. Each plasmid is a small, circular, supercoiled DNA molecule that often carries genes beneficial for bacterial survival under certain conditions, such as antibiotic or toxin-heavy environments. This demonstrates the importance of plasmids in the genetic adaptability of bacteria.
1)
Which plant cell organelle helps maintain the shape of the cell by helping to maintain turgor pressure?
A) cell membrane
B) cell wall
C) vacuole
D) cytoskeleton
The plant cell organelle that helps maintain shape of the cell by helping to maintain turgor pressure is
B. Cell Wall
the answer is (D) the cytoskeleton helps maintain rigidity of the cell
Explain what is epistasis and how is it different from dominance?
Final answer:
Epistasis is a form of genetic interaction where one gene masks the expression of another gene, which differs from simple dominance which occurs when a dominant allele masks the expression of a recessive allele within the same gene. In the context of the shepherd's purse plant, epistasis results in triangular seeds unless both genes are homozygous recessive, leading to a 15:1 phenotypic ratio when two heterozygotes are crossed.
Explanation:
Epistasis is a genetic phenomenon where one gene interferes with or masks the expression of another gene. The term epistasis comes from Greek roots meaning "standing upon." An epistatic gene that does the masking is referred to as epistatic, while the gene whose expression is masked is called hypostatic. This relationship can profoundly affect the phenotypic ratios seen in genetic crosses, different from the simple dominant-recessive relationships seen in Mendelian inheritance. The biochemical basis for epistasis often involves gene pathways where one gene's function is necessary for another gene further down the pathway to be expressed.
Dominance vs. Epistasis
While dominance refers to the interaction between different alleles of the same gene, with the dominant allele masking the expression of a recessive allele, epistasis involves interactions between different genes. Epistasis can be complex, with multiple gene interactions leading to variations in phenotype that are not predictable by simple dominance. For instance, in shepherd's purse plants (Capsella bursa-pastoris), the presence of a dominant allele in any of two genes results in triangular seeds, overriding the seed shape that would be produced by the other gene. A phenotype of ovoid seeds only occurs when there are two homozygous recessive genes (aabb). Hence, crossing two heterozygotes for each gene (AaBb x AaBb) yields a phenotypic ratio of 15 triangular to 1 ovoid.
Final answer:
Epistasis is a genetic interaction where one gene's phenotype expression masks another gene's expression, differing from dominance that occurs between alleles of the same gene. Examples include the coat color of mice and seed shape in the shepherd's purse plant.
Explanation:
Epistasis is a genetic interaction where the phenotype effect of one gene (epistatic) masks or suppresses the expression of another gene (hypostatic). This is different from dominance, which refers to the interaction between alleles at the same gene locus, with dominant alleles expressing their effects over recessive ones. An example of epistasis is in the coat color of mice, where a mouse with a certain genotype (cc) will always be albino, regardless of the alleles at another locus related to fur color.
Physiological epistasis and statistical epistasis are two concepts related to these genetic interactions. Physiological epistasis involves the actual biological interaction between gene products, while statistical epistasis refers to the measured deviation from the expected genetic ratios in a population. In contrast, dominance only describes the relationship between alleles at a single locus, not interactions across different loci.
Understanding Epistasis through Examples
In the shepherd's purse plant, seed shape demonstrates dominant epistasis. When both genes A and B are present in dominant form with any combination other than homozygous recessive (aabb), the seeds will always be triangular. This genotypic relationship modifies the phenotypic ratio from the standard 9:3:3:1 of a dihybrid cross to 15 triangular:1 ovoid upon crossing heterozygotes for both genes (AaBb x AaBb).
Please answer this 2 question!!!!!
Number 1 is B becuase when you are described an organism you usually recognize it by it's color or fur type. For instance, if you asked me what animal has brown fur, then you would imagin a bear.
Number 2 is B also because they both have nucleus in their cells.
What wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll? What wavelengths are reflected
Chlorophyll absorbs light in the red and the blue regions of the visible light spectrum. Green light is not absorbed but reflected, making the plant appear green.
hope this helps!
The wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll as it absorbs light in the red and the blue regions of the visible light spectrum. Green light is not absorbed but reflected, making the plant appear green.
What is wavelength?Wavelength has been the distance between two identical or similar positions it means that it is the distance between crests or trough in the adjacent cycle of the waveform.
Wavelength is denoted by (lambda).
It is measured in meter, or centimeter, or millimeters.
Mathematically,
Wavelength is equal to velocity divided by frequency,
So,
Wavelength (lambda) = Velocity/frequency.
Velocity is in meter per second.
Frequency is in 1/second.
Prism is a transparent object in which if sunlight is passed then it will be split in a VIBGYOR
where V = vilot, I = indigo, B = blue, G = green, Y = Yellow, O = orange, R = red.
In this series wavelength of red is higher and violet is smaller and frequency of violet is higher and red is smaller.
Therefore, The wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll as it absorbs light in the red and the blue regions of the visible light spectrum. Green light is not absorbed but reflected, making the plant appear green.
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Select the correct answer.
Other than the quality of meat, livestock is also graded on
A. the ratio of meat to bone.
B.
the overall weight of the animal.
C.
the popularity of that type of livestock.
D. the physical appearance of the animal.
A. is the answer.
Livestock in not graded on the weight of the animal, its popularity, and definitely not its appearance.
Other than the quality of meat, livestock is also graded on : (A) The ratio of meat to bone
Livestock gradingLivestock is graded based of certain qualities such as the quality of the meat and its importance to human health. Livestock can also be graded based on the ratio of meat to bone. The popularity of the livestock is not a criteria used for grading or quantifying livestock because certain popular livestock might have low quality of meat. weight and appearance of the animal have no effect on livestock grading.
Hence we can conclude that Other than the quality of meat, livestock is also graded on The ratio of meat to bone.
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Hunting lions has been banned in some parts of Africa. If this law is enforced, what can we expect to happen to the populations of small mammals in the same locations? A) The small mammal populations will decrease. B) The small mammals will become extinct on Earth. C) The small mammal populations will increase also. D) The small mammal populations will balance out and stay the same.
I would say D because both populations are constantly growing and it would be natural selection so it works out if humans just back off
A: The small mammal populations will decrease
This is true because lions will begin to repopulate the areas and need more food. The lions will begin to hunt the mammals and in turn will decrease the population. More mammals will be needed to feed more Lions.
How someone’s brain living with adhd can perceive information from outside world that could turn impact performance in class?
Final answer:
ADHD affects students' ability to focus, process information, and behave in ways considered appropriate in the classroom. It can lead to missed deadlines, inattentiveness, and academic struggles, and requires understanding and support from educators for effective learning.
Explanation:
How ADHD Affects Classroom Performance
ADHD, or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, can significantly impact how students perceive and interact with the world around them, which influences their academic performance. Students with ADHD might exhibit high levels of frustration and distraction. These manifestations often lead to perceived inappropriate behavior, difficulties in meeting deadlines, errors in work that appear careless, and challenges in following instructions, all of which contribute to struggles within the educational setting.
Moreover, ADHD is not just a childhood concern as previously thought, but a condition that affects individuals across all ages. This misunderstanding can result in inadequate support for students who continue to struggle with the condition into adulthood. Mental health conditions, including ADHD, can have comorbidity with disorders such as depression and OCD, complicating the educational experience further.
Mental health disorders can distort a student's ability to focus, process new information, and impact attendance due to issues such as anxiety and sleep disturbances. Teachers and educators need to recognize and adapt to these challenges to support individual learning needs effectively.
As you descend through the atmosphere, what would you expect the outside pressure to do?
A. Increase/ decrease
B. Increase/increase
C. Decrease/decrease
D. Decrease/ increase
Final answer:
Descending through the atmosphere causes an increase in outside pressure due to the increasing weight of the air above. Pressure in the atmosphere is related to the altitude, with higher pressure at lower altitudes. So the correct option is B.
Explanation:
As you descend through the atmosphere, the outside pressure is expected to increase. This is because pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the weight of air above you. At higher altitudes, there is less air above you, thus lower pressure. When you descend, more air is above you, and the weight and pressure increase accordingly.
For instance, when a scuba diver descends into the ocean, which is similar in principle to descending through the atmosphere, the water pressure increases significantly at greater depths due to the weight of the water above. In the context of the atmosphere, air molecules are pulled toward Earth by gravity, so the closer you are to the surface, the more compressed the air molecules are, leading to higher pressure. This concept is also explained by air pressure decreasing with altitude due to fewer air molecules being present.
Final answer:
Descending through the atmosphere results in an increase in the outside pressure due to the greater mass of air above you exerting pressure, following the principles of atmospheric pressure and gas behavior.
Explanation:
As you descend through the atmosphere, the outside pressure would be expected to increase. This is because as altitude decreases, the amount of air above you that is exerting pressure increases due to gravity, hence compressing the air molecules closer together. The relationship between altitude and atmospheric pressure is that pressure increases as you move from higher to lower altitudes.
The relevant concepts from the provided information that relate to gas pressure include understanding the behavior of a gas inside a hot air balloon. When the total pressure of an atmosphere increases, as in the case of descending towards the Earth's surface, the pressure on the gas inside the balloon would also increase. This follows the general gas laws where, in a closed system, a decrease in volume and an increase in atmospheric pressure would cause an increase in the gas's pressure.
what can cause granite to break down into soil over time
it is because of expansion and contract of the stone in night and expand in day
well granite can be worn down over time through erosion and through abrasion (i.e.) running water of high winds carrying sand or dirt particles. but that would take many years.
Which of the following is an example of a response to an internal stimulus?
A.
An animal responds to a ringing bell.
B.
A person vomits after eating spoiled food.
C.
A person pulls her hand away from a hot surface.
D.
An animal jumps when it hears a sudden, loud noise.
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Answer:
The answer would be B) A person vomits after eating spoiled food
Explanation: Since the question is talking about internal stimulus think about what happens inside someone, the other options are examples of External stimulus which happens outside someone like using your external senses (hearing, sight and touch)
Hope this helps
The correct response to an internal stimulus is B: A person vomits after eating spoiled food. The vomiting reflex is triggered internally by the body in response to toxins, making it a reaction to an internal stimulus.
Explanation:The question is asking for an example of a response to an internal stimulus. An internal stimulus comes from inside an organism and causes a response that is internally regulated. In this case, the correct answer is B: A person vomits after eating spoiled food. This is a defensive response triggered by the body's internal detection of toxins in the spoiled food. Vomiting is a mechanism that the body uses to expel these toxins and protect itself.
Other options mentioned in the question, such as an animal responding to a ringing bell (Pavlov's experiment) or a person pulling their hand away from a hot surface, are responses to external stimuli. These are reactions prompted by environmental factors outside the body. The distinction between internal and external stimuli is crucial for understanding how organisms, including humans, respond to changes in their environments.
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Is 28.5 qualitative or quantitative data?
28.5 is quantitative data
Quantitative because it is a number
Match each vocabulary word to the correct definition. 1. Mitochondrial DNA 2. Genes 3. Mitochondria 4. Hybridization 5. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR a. Binds together DNA with a complimentary DNA sequence. b. The basic and fundamental part of heredity. c. Creates strands of DNA from small samples of DNA at crime scenes. d. The small structures in the cell that are responsible for creating energy and carry several pieces of DNA. e. Inherited from one’s mother and is found outside of the cell nucleus.
Mitochondrial DNA --> Inherited from one's mother and is found outside of the cell nucleus (E.)
Genes --> The basic and fundamental part of heredity (B.)
Mitochondria --> The small structures in the cell that are responsible for creating energy and carry several pieces of DNA (D.)
Hybridization --> Binds together DNA with a complimentary DNA sequence (A.)
Polymerase chain reaction --> Creates strands of DNA from small samples of DNA at crime scenes (C.)
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what is the function of meristem
Primary meristematic tissue helps the plant increase in length or vertical growth, meaning it helps the plant grow up toward the sun and down into the soil. It also helps a plant grow in thickness so that the roots and branches are stronger.
hope this helps :)
Primary meristematic tissue helps the plant increase in length or vertical growth, meaning it helps the plant grow up toward the sun and down into the soil. It also helps a plant grow in thickness so that the roots and branches are stronger.
Which development in plants has contributed to the evolution of large trees?
Answer:
Secondary vascular growth
Explanation:
Secondary growth in the plant allows them to be thicker, unlike primary growth that is apical. Secondary vascular cambium acts as a support for plants especially trees as they grow taller –allowing them to support their own weight. This is what is perceived as wood (secondary xylem) in a tree.
What is the term that describes the size of a population that can be supported by a given ecosystem?
➷ It is called the 'carrying capacity.'
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Answer:
Carrying Capacity
Explanation:
All ecosystems are capable to support a certain number of organisms, beyond which the rate of consumption of their resources (by the increased population) will be much faster than the rate at which they are replenished and hence the ecosystem will destabilize.
This population which an ecosystem can sustain without any pressure on its resources thereby preserving them for future generations is called the carrying capacity of an ecosystem.
tp-37 who should you call first if you have an oil or fuel spil?
Call the U.S. Coast Guard National Response Center.
Answer:
You should call the US Coast Guard National Response Center.
Explanation:
The Coast Guard is a national institution responsible for providing various maritime services, usually related to authority. The term refers to institutions with responsibilities that can vary widely, from country to country. Thus, depending on the country, the nature of its coastguard can range from a heavily armed military force with broad powers of police authority, to a simple organization of volunteers with functions limited to maritime search and rescue without any authority.
A certainty is that the Coast Guard is responsible for controlling or resolving possible marine disasters, so if an oil or fuel leak occurs, it is best to call the US Coast Guard National Response Center for this leak to be contained as soon as possible.
A guinea pig with long hair (hh) is crossed with one that has short hair (HH).Set up a punnett square
A cobaia tem 100% de nascer com cabelo curto, sendo Hh
HH is dominant, so short hair would be answer.
What happened after plants first became able to live on land?
After the plants became able to live on land, and the reason for that being the ability for higher glucose production, they managed to influence numerous things on the planet and change it drastically.
Some of the more marking things that happened because of the plants that started to live on land were the change in the composition of the gasses in the atmosphere, the formation of soils, and climate changes.
The plants perform a process called photosynthesis in order to make their own food. For this process they use carbon dioxide. The carbon is used, while the oxygen is a waste product that is released. Over time, through this process, the plants managed to significantly increase the oxygen levels on the Earth, making it suitable for the animals to move in as well on the land.
The increase of oxygen in the atmosphere resulted in climate changes, as the oxygen makes the climate cooler, thus in general the climate cooled off. Also, with their shade, the plants manage to reduce the temperature on the surface, the trees also being able to slow down and affect the low air movements...
The plants, as all organisms, eventually die. When they die, they decompose. In this manner they introduced the land with the first biomass, thus the rocks and the biomass started to mix. Over time this led to the formation of multiple types of different soils.
Answer:
Adaptive radiation spread them into many land niches
Explanation:
A.P.E.X
is the energy used by cells for work. It is produced within the_(organelle)
and is made through the process of_12 words)
Answer:
ATP, Mitochondria, Cellular respiration.
Explanation:
The Krebs cycle of, cellular respiration, in the mitochondria results to the an accumulation of protons in the inter-membrane space of the organelle. This proton motive force is harnessed in the electron transport chain by ATP synthase to generate ATPs.
The breakdown of large molecules by enzymes and the addition of water is known as a ____ reaction.
a.
oxidation
b.
decarboxylation
c.
hydrolysis
d.
condensation
e.
reduction
Answer: Hydrolysis
Explanation: It is hydrolysis. In hydrolysis, larger molecules, such as polymers, are broken down into their monomers by the action of an enzyme and the addition of a water molecule.
A hydrolysis reaction involves the breakdown of large molecules by enzymes and the addition of water.
Explanation:The breakdown of large molecules by enzymes and the addition of water is known as a hydrolysis reaction. The term hydrolysis is derived from 'hydro-' which means water and '-lysis' which means to break down. In the process of hydrolysis, a water molecule is added to the substance, which causes the substance to separate into two parts. This is an important process in many biological systems, such as the digestion of food in the body.
Enzymes act as catalysts, facilitating this reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the hydrolysis to occur. Hydrolysis is essential for various biological processes, such as digestion, where complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into their constituent monomers like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. These monomers can then be absorbed and utilized by the body for energy production and various cellular functions.
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How are leaves and plants adapted to the tundra?
A. They are “needles” that stay on the trees.
B. They are large and tilt toward the sun
C. They make colores patterns on rocks
D. They are sponge-like to hold moisture
d they are sponge like to hold moisture
Answer:
They are large and tilt toward the sun.
Explanation:
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Which of the following best describes calcitonin? A. It's released by the adrenal medulla. B. It's released by the parathyroid gland. C. It functions to prevent hypercalcemia. D. It functions to prevent hypocalcemia.
the correct answer is B) its released by the parathyroid gland
Which is an example of a chemical reaction
C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2 (oxygen) -> CO2 (carbon dioxide) + H2O (water) + sunlight energy (ATP). The reaction is called cellular respiration and it is used in plants and animals to break down sugars into usable energy to complete bodily functions.
Explanation:
A chemical reaction is defined as the process in which one or more substances reacts to form one or more products which are chemically transformed means the constituent atoms of the reactants are rearranged unlike physical reactions. No new atoms are created or destroyed, bonds between the atoms in the reactants are broken and the atoms rearrange themselves and form new bonds to make the product. For example iron and oxygen combine to form rust, sodium acetate is formed by the combination of vinegar and baking soda etc.
Does mechanical waves travel faster or slower as density of matter increases
Answer:
Travel is faster as density of
matter increases
Explanation: This should be right not sure hopefully this helps!(Let me know in the comments plz!)
Given these characteristics of life, which of the following objects is considered a living organism
A living organism must possess all six characteristics of life: It responds to the environment, grows and develops, produces offspring, maintains homeostasis, has complex chemistry, and consists of cells.
Explanation:A living organism must possess all six characteristics of life:
It responds to the environment. For example, a plant growing towards sunlight.It grows and develops. For example, a seed germinating and growing into a tree.It produces offspring. For example, an animal giving birth to babies.It maintains homeostasis. For example, a human maintaining a stable body temperature.It has complex chemistry. For example, the metabolic processes in a cell.It consists of cells. For example, a bacteria is a single-celled organism.Based on these characteristics, a tree would be considered a living organism as it exhibits all six traits.
Which factor cause these cooler temperatures? Check all that apply.
The factor that causes cooler temperatures are being closer to the ocean and ocean current bringing cooler air.
What is temperature?
Temperature can be defined as a scalar quantity that shows the degree of hottest or coldness of a body. It is measured in C⁰ or F⁰.
In the physical environment, the degree of it's coolness depends on the surroundings.
When they moved from Tennessee to California it became cooler due to the environment being closer to the ocean and ocean current bringing cooler air
Cooler temperatures in California compared to Tennessee may be influenced by being closer to the ocean, ocean currents bringing cooler air, and mountain ranges.
The observed cooler temperatures in California, following a move from Tennessee, can be attributed to a combination of geographical and climatic factors. Firstly, being closer to the ocean tends to have a cooling effect on the climate. The proximity to large bodies of water, such as the Pacific Ocean in the case of California, moderates temperatures by preventing extreme heat in summers and maintaining milder conditions in winters.
Secondly, ocean currents play a crucial role. If ocean currents are bringing cooler air, it further contributes to the overall cooling of the coastal areas. The movement of air masses over the ocean can bring lower temperatures, influencing the climate of the adjacent land.
Lastly, the presence of mountain ranges, which is characteristic of California's topography, can also contribute to cooler temperatures. As air ascends the windward side of mountains, it cools and releases moisture, resulting in cooler and more moderate temperatures on the leeward side of the mountains.
In combination, these factors create a climate in California that is noticeably cooler than that of Tennessee, providing a diverse range of environmental conditions shaped by the state's geographical features and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean.
What are all the biological processes in the carbon cycle?
The biological carbon cycle. Through photosynthesis, green plants use solar energy to turn atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates (sugars). Plants and animals use these carbohydrates (and other products derived from them) through a process called respiration, the reverse of photosynthesis.
The biological processes in the carbon cycle involve the intake of carbon dioxide by autotrophs to form organic compounds, consumption of autotrophs by heterotrophs which use the organic compounds for energy and exhale CO2, the biological carbon pump process, and the storage and release of carbon in and from various carbon reservoirs.
Explanation:The biological processes in the carbon cycle primarily involve autotrophs (like plants and algae) and heterotrophs (like animals). The cycle begins with autotrophs, which take carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere or dissolved form in water bodies to form organic compounds like glucose. This process, known as photosynthesis, requires energy from the sun and results in the release of oxygen as a byproduct.
Next, heterotrophs ingest the autotrophs and break down the organic compounds for energy through the process of respiration, releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere or water bodies. A process known as the biological carbon pump involves autotrophs fixing inorganic carbon which then fall to the sea floor as they die, preventing the consumption and return of their CO2 to the atmosphere by saprobes.
Another important process in the carbon cycle is the long-term, geological storage of carbon in carbon reservoirs, such as atmosphere, oceans, ocean sediment, soil, fossil fuels, and the Earth's interior. Over time, human activities like fossil fuel burning have accelerated the return of stored carbon to the atmosphere, leading to increased atmospheric CO2 levels and concerns about climate change.
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Select the correct answer which sentence describes an object that has kinetic energy
was there any more info on this?
Answer:
A boat sails across the ocean
A large white and gray log that smells like pine is burned in a fire pit. After being completely burned, all that remains of the log is a small pile of soft white-gray ashes that no longer smell of pine. Describe the evidence that a chemical change has occurred.
Answer:While the pile of ashes and log have similar colors, the change in size, odor, and hardness, and the difference in combustibility indicate that a chemical change has resulted in a substance with a different identity. Furthermore, the ashes cannot be converted back into a log.
The ash produced after burning is white in color while in the beginning it was greyish-white and smell of pine vanished after turning into ash provides an evidence that chemical change has occurred.
What is a chemical change?Chemical changes are defined as changes which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical change.
There are several characteristics of chemical changes like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical change there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.
There are three types of chemical changes:
1) inorganic changes
2)organic changes
3) biochemical changes
During chemical changes atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.
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in ______, water enters cracks in rocks and freezes. water ______ when it freezes and makes the cracks larger.
ice wedging, expands
Freeze-thaw weathering happens when water enters cracks in rocks and freezes, expanding and enlarging the cracks. The water expands because in its solid state (ice), the molecules are more spread apart than in liquid state. This spread-out molecular structure causes the ice to increase in volume and exert pressure on the rock.
Explanation:
In the process known as freeze-thaw weathering, water enters cracks in rocks and freezes. Water expands when it freezes, which makes the cracks in the rocks larger. Water's unusual behavior when it freezes is due to its molecular structure. As temperatures drop, there's less energy to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. These bonds stay intact and form a rigid, lattice-like structure known as ice. The ice is less dense than liquid water because the molecules are farther apart. This expansion puts pressure on the surrounding rock and can make the crack larger.
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