At equilibrium, the concentrations in this system were found to be [ N 2 ] = [ O 2 ] = 0.200 M and [ NO ] = 0.600 M . N 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) − ⇀ ↽ − 2 NO ( g ) If more NO is added, bringing its concentration to 0.900 M, what will the final concentration of NO be after equilibrium is re‑established?

Explanation:

For what I can see, is missing the concentration of [Ag+] in the half-cell. To calculate it:

Niquel half-cell

Oxidation reaction: [tex]Ni \longrightarrow Ni^{2+}+2 e^-[/tex]

[tex]E=E^0 - \frac{R*T}{n*F}*ln(1/[Ni^{2+}])[/tex]

Assuming T=298 K / R=8.314 J/mol K / F=96500 C

[tex]E=-0.23V - \frac{8.314*298}{2*96500}*ln(1/0.014M)[/tex]

[tex]E=-0.285V[/tex]

Silver half-cell

Reduction reaction: [tex]Ag^+ + e^- \longrightarrow Ag[/tex]

[tex]E=E^0 - \frac{R*T}{n*F}*ln(1/[Ag+])[/tex]

[tex]E_{cell}=E_{red} - E_{ox}[/tex]

[tex]E_{red}=1.12 V + (-0.855V)=0.835V[/tex]

Assuming T=298 K / R=8.314 J/mol K / F=96500 C

[tex]0.835V=0.8V - \frac{8.314*298}{1*96500}*ln(1/[Ag+])[/tex]

[tex][Ag+]=0.26 M[/tex]

Final answer:

A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell in which the anode and cathode compartments have different concentrations of a reactant. The initial cell voltage of +1.12 V indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and will proceed in the forward direction.

Explanation:

A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell in which the anode and cathode compartments are identical except for the concentration of a reactant. In this case, the concentration of Ni2+(aq) is different in the two compartments of the voltaic cell. As the reaction proceeds and the concentrations equilibrate, the measured potential difference between the two compartments will decrease until it reaches zero. The initial cell voltage of +1.12 V indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and will proceed in the forward direction.

Answer:88.8%

Explanation:

%yield= actual yield/theoretical yield * 100/1

41.9/47.2*100/1= 88.8%

Answer:

This are called compounds

Explanation:

Compounds are substances formed when two or more elements are combined, and by definite proportions they should always be in fixed ratios. The elements can be bonded together either through covalent or ionic bonding.

In a covalent bond the atoms in the compound are sharing their outermost electrons to achieve stability, for example, CF4, CH4, CH3COOH among others. Most of the organic compounds are made of covalent bonds.  

In an Ionic bond atoms in the compound are losing and gaining each others' valence electron (transfer of electrons) to form and achieve stability. For example, NaCl, KOH, CaBr2, among others. Inorganic compounds are in their majorities, ionic compounds.

We also can have metallic bonds.

Compounds are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions and have unique properties. There can be millions of compounds formed from combinations of elements, each with distinct properties. Compounds differ from mixtures, which can vary in composition.

Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions are known as compounds. These compounds are formed when elements are chemically bonded together. For example, water is a compound that is made up of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio.

An interesting point here is that even though there are just over 100 known elements, there are tens of millions of chemical compounds resulting from various combinations of these elements. Each of these compounds has a unique composition and distinct chemical and physical properties that set it apart from all other compounds.

It's also essential to distinguish compounds from mixtures. Unlike compounds, mixtures contain two or more substances that are not chemically bonded together and can be separated by physical means. The composition of a mixture can vary, while the composition of a compound is always fixed.

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Answer:

The correct answer is option d. a polyatomic anion.

Explanation:

Hello! Let's solve this!

The ending "ate" or "ite" indicates that there is a negative polyatomic ion (polyatomic anion). This means that the termination of the name will indicate the valence number of the element, if the number used is the highest or the lowest.

An example is:

CO-3: is the carbonate ion

SO-4: is the sulfate ion

We conclude that the correct answer is option d. a polyatomic anion.

An ate or ite  suffix at the end of a compound name usually indicates that the compound is a polyatomic anions.

Polyatomic ion:

The ions that contain more than one type of atom. Most of polyatomic ions are anions that are named with suffix -ate or -ite.

For examples-

[tex]\bold {CO_3^-^2}[/tex]- Carbonate ion, end with -ate.

[tex]\bold {SO_3^-^2}[/tex] Sulfite ion, end with -ite.

Therefore, an ate or ite  suffix at the end of a compound name usually indicates that the compound is a polyatomic anions.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Hybridization is simply a phenomena which involves the mixing of orbitals to form new ones. It is simply a way of forming a whole new set of orbitals from old ones.

In XeF4, the type of hybridization that we have is the sp3d2 hybridization. This simply means we have one s orbital, mixing with 3 p orbitals and 2 d orbitals. These orbitals mix together to form the new hybrid orbital. It must be noted that the hybridization takes place in the central atom xenon Xe. The valence shell of xenon contains 2 electrons in the 5s orbital and 6 electrons in the 5p orbitals. In the state of excitement, 2 of the electrons in the outermost 5p orbitals get excited and promoted to the 5d orbitals. This causes a total of four unpaired electrons in which the four chlorine atom can attach with.

In ammonia, there are three hydrogen atoms which seek to join forces with a single nitrogen atom. It must be known that there are 8 electrons around the central atom nitrogen. There are a set of lone pair which are non bonding while the other three are in connection with the 3 hydrogen atoms. Instead of the molecule having 1s and 3p orbitals, they show hybridization to give sp3 hybrid orbital

Answer:

Below.

Explanation:

Light will make the metal warmer because it isn't a perfect reflector. Some of the photons from the light are absorbed by the metal.

I think infrared light will make it warmer than visible light.

Light has been the form of energy that has been emitted in the form of photons. The shining of the light onto the metal body will warm up the metal as the part of incident radiation has been absorbed by the metal.

A black body is one that reflects all the radiation that is incident onto it. The metal is not a perfect black body. Since the metal has not been emitting all the radiations, the radiations have been absorbed by the metal.

The absorption of the radiations by the metal will provide energy that results in the metal turning warm.

The varying type of light will have varying intensity and energy. Thus the varying light will result in the difference in the warming of the metal.

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Answer:

1) Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NaOH (aq) -> cu(OH)₂(s)+ 2NaNO₃ (aq)

   reactants ratio = Cu(NO₃)2 : NaOH  = 1:2

2) FeSO₄ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ->Fe(OH)₂ (s) + Na₂SO₄ (aq)

  reactants ratio = FeSO₄  : NaOH  = 1:2

3) Fe(NO₃)₃ (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) -> Fe(OH)₃ (s) + 3NaNO₃ (aq)

  reactants ratio = Fe(NO₃)₃  : NaOH  = 1:3

Explanation:

For any reaction to occur completely, the ratio of the reactants should be the ratio of their coefficients is the balanced chemical equation.

A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products.

In our case, we get greatest amount of precipitate only when the reactants completely undergo chemical change and turn into products.

so, when reactants are taken in the ration of balanced equation, the reactants completely form products, where here one of the products is precipitate.

1) Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NaOH (aq) -> cu(OH)₂(s)+ 2NaNO₃ (aq)

   reactants ratio = Cu(NO₃)2(aq) : NaOH (aq) = 1:2

2) FeSO₄ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ->Fe(OH)₂ (s) + Na₂SO₄ (aq)

  reactants ratio = FeSO₄ (aq) : NaOH (aq) = 1:2

3) Fe(NO₃)₃ (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) -> Fe(OH)₃ (s) + 3NaNO₃ (aq)

  reactants ratio = Fe(NO₃)₃ (aq) : NaOH (aq) = 1:3  

Final answer:

To determine the ratio of reactants that would result in the greatest amount of precipitate in each reaction, understanding the stoichiometry of the balanced equations is crucial.

Explanation:

For each reaction, the ratio of reactants that would result in the formation of the greatest amount of precipitate can be determined by examining the stoichiometry of the balanced equation.

In the reaction Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) -> Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NaNO3(aq), a 1:3 ratio of Fe(NO3)3 to 3NaOH would produce the most precipitate because each mole of Fe(NO3)3 reacts with 3 moles of NaOH to form Fe(OH)3.

By understanding the stoichiometry of the reactions, you can determine the optimal ratio of reactants to maximize the formation of precipitate.

Final answer:

Joe correctly prepared the 1.0 M potassium phosphate solution by adding water up to the calibration mark after dissolving the solute, whereas Jennifer's method would result in a concentration less than 1.0 M.

Explanation:

To prepare a 1.0 M aqueous solution of potassium phosphate properly, the student should weigh out the necessary amount of solute and then add it to a volumetric flask that is already partially filled with water. After the solute dissolves, the water should be added to the calibration mark to ensure the correct final volume of the solution. In the scenario described, Joe correctly prepared the solution because he added water to the calibration line after dissolving the potassium phosphate. If Jennifer filled the flask to the calibration mark before adding the solute, her solution would have a slightly greater volume than 1.0 liter, which would result in a concentration of less than 1.0 M. It’s crucial to follow these steps to ensure the solution’s concentration matches the intended molarity.

Answer : The number of moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] gas added must be, 1.59 moles.

Explanation :

Equilibrium constant : It is defined as the equilibrium constant. It is defined as the ratio of concentration of products to the concentration of reactants.

The equilibrium expression for the reaction is determined by multiplying the concentrations of products and divided by the concentrations of the reactants and each concentration is raised to the power that is equal to the coefficient in the balanced reaction.

The given equilibrium reaction is,

                        [tex]SO_2(g)+NO_2(g)\rightleftharpoons SO_3(g)+NO(g)[/tex]

Initial conc.    2.86               x             0          0

At eqm.       (2.86-1.30)    (x-1.30)     1.30     1.30

The expression of [tex]K_{eq}[/tex] will be,

[tex]K_{eq}=\frac{[SO_3][NO]}{[SO_2]NO_2]}[/tex]

Now put all the given values in this expression, we get:

[tex]3.70=\frac{(1.30)\times (1.30)}{(2.86-1.30)\times (x-1.30)}[/tex]

[tex]x=1.59[/tex]

Thus, the number of moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] gas added must be, 1.59 moles.

Answer:

HOCH2CH2CH2OH.

Explanation:

HOCH2CH2CH2OH is more soluble in water than CH3CH2CH2OH because propandiol  have two alcoholic group attached to it hence, it can form more efficient hydrogen bonding with water whereas the hydrogen bonding in CH3CH2CH2OH  would be less prominent as it has only one alcoholic group.

Answer:

HOCH2CH2CH2OH

Answer: Please provide more details of the elements to help answer the question

Explanation:

Answer:

2 pairs or 4

Explanation:

Oxygen atom belongs to the group 16 of the periodic table also known as the chalcogen group. Oxygen has atomic number of 8. This means it has 8 protons. Hence, for an electrically neutral oxygen atoms, there are 8 electrons.

These electrons are present in the first two shells. There are two electrons in the first shell also known as the K shell. There are 6 electrons in the valence shell of the oxygen atom which is also the L shell. These six valence electrons are the ones responsible for the chemical bonding with other elements.

As said earlier, oxygen atom has six electrons in its valence shell. This means to complete an octet configuration, there are two more electrons needed for it to achieve the needed stability. These two electrons can be obtained ionically or covalently. This depends on the other atom with which it is entering chemical combination with.

In the case of this question, we know it is another oxygen atom. This means each of these atoms will contribute 2 each to make up 2 pairs or 4 electrons which are then controlled by the nuclei of both atoms

Answer:

Kp = 1.37

Explanation:

In order to do this, we need to apply the Hess's law which it states:

"The heat of any reaction  ΔHf°  for a specific reaction is equal to the sum of the heats of reaction for any set of reactions which in sum are equivalent to the overall reaction"

Now, here we don't have data for enthalpy but we do have Kp, so the principle is applied similarly, even is we have Kp.

First thing we should do is to get the overall reaction needed which is the following:

C(s) + CO2(g) <-----> 2CO(g)   (3)

To get to this reaction, we just need to sum the other two reactions, and multiply coefficients if it's needed so:

C(s) + 2H2O(g) <----> CO2(g) + 2H2(g)   Kp1 = 3.79    (1)

H2(g) + CO2(g) <----> H2O(g) + CO(g)    Kp2 = 0.601   (2)

Now, in order to get equation (3), let's look at equations 1 and 2. As we can see, in both equations we have molecules of H2 and water, which aren't present in the overall reaction 3, so we need to get rid of them. In order to do so, if look carefully, you'll see that if you substract molecule of H2 from 1 and from 2, you still have traces of H2 (Because 2H2 - H2 = H2), so, how can we equal both of the molecules?.

That's right, we need to multiply the coefficient of that molecule to equal the coefficient of reaction 1. However keep in mind, that doing so, it will multiply the coefficients of the other molecules too. So doing that we have:

2H2(g) + 2CO2(g) <----> 2H2O(g) + 2CO(g)    Kp = (0.601)²

Now, by multiplying the coefficients of the reaction, it also affects the value of Kp; remember that Kp is a value that you can obtain by doing this:

Kp = P(products) / P(reactants)

If we modify the coefficients by two, Kp is altered:

Kp = P(prod)² / P(react)²

That is why we elevated the value of Kp. Now, summing both equation 2 and 4 we have:

C(s) + 2H2O(g) <----> CO2(g) + 2H2(g)   Kp1 = 3.79

2H2(g) + 2CO2(g) <----> 2H2O(g) + 2CO(g)    Kp = (0.601)²

______________________________________________

C(s) + CO2(g) <-----> 2CO(g)   (3)

Now the value of Kp will be:

Kp = 3.79 x (0.601)² = 1.37

In this exercise we have to calculate the value of the constant, like this:

Kp = 1.37

Using the Hess formula and knowing the equation given as:

[tex]C(s) + CO2(g) \rightarrow 2CO(g)[/tex]

To get to this reaction, we just need to sum the other two reactions, and multiply coefficients if it's needed so:

[tex]C(s) + 2H2O(g) \rightarrow CO2(g) + 2H2(g) \ Kp_1 = 3.79 \\H2(g) + CO2(g) \rightarrow H2O(g) + CO(g) \ Kp_2 = 0.601[/tex]

Multiply the coefficients of the other molecules, we have that:

[tex]2H_2(g) + 2CO_2(g) \rightarrow 2H_2O(g) + 2CO(g) \ Kp = (0.601)^2[/tex]

To find the value of the constant we have to use the formula below and put the values ​​already :

[tex]Kp = P(products) / P(reactants)\\Kp = P(prod)^2 / P(react)^2\\Kp_1 = 3.79\\Kp_2 = (0.601)^2\\Kp = 3.79 * (0.601)^2 = 1.37[/tex]

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Answer:

The correct statements are A amine groups are fully protonated and can be described with the chemical formula NH3+ B carboxylic acid functional groups are de protonated and can be be described with the chemical formula COO-  C Amine functional groups are positively.

Explanation:

If we study the biochemical structure of an amino acid we wil see that an amino group or -NH2 is present at one end and a carboxylic group or COOH is present at another end.

  Now the fact the that when an amino acid exist as zwitterion it contain same number of positive charge as well as same number of negative charge.So during zwitterion formation the carboxylic acid or -COOH liberates a proton and exist as COO- whereas the amine group accepts that proton and exist as NH3+.

  Beside this the amine group -NH2 after the formation of zwitterion gains a positive charge and exist as -NH3+.

Answer:

The vapor pressure of water at 50 °C  is 93.7 torr.

Explanation:

The expression for Clausius-Clapeyron Equation is shown below as:

[tex]\ln P = \dfrac{-\Delta{H_{vap}}}{RT} + c [/tex]

Where,  

P is the vapor pressure

ΔHvap  is the Enthalpy of Vaporization

R is the gas constant (8.314×10⁻³ kJ /mol K)

c is the constant.

For two situations and phases, the equation becomes:

[tex]\ln \left( \dfrac{P_1}{P_2} \right) = \dfrac{\Delta H_{vap}}{R} \left( \dfrac{1}{T_2}- \dfrac{1}{T_1} \right)[/tex]

Given:

[tex]P_1[/tex] = 23.8 torr

[tex]P_2[/tex] = ?

[tex]T_1[/tex] = 25°C

[tex]T_2[/tex] = 50 °C  

ΔHvap = 43.9 kJ/mol

The conversion of T( °C) to T(K) is shown below:

T(K) = T( °C) + 273.15  

So,  

T = (25 + 273.15) K = 298.15 K  

T = (50 + 273.15) K = 323.15 K  

[tex]T_1[/tex] = 298.15 K  

[tex]T_2[/tex] = 323.15 K

So,  applying in the above equation as:-

[tex]\ln \:\left(\:\frac{23.8}{P_2}\right)\:=\:\frac{43.9}{8.314\times 10^{-3}}\:\left(\:\frac{1}{323.15}-\:\frac{1}{298.15}\:\right)[/tex]

[tex]\frac{23.8}{P_2}=e^{\frac{43.9}{8.314\times \:10^{-3}}\left(\frac{1}{323.15}-\frac{1}{298.15}\right)}[/tex]

[tex]23.8=\frac{1}{e^{\frac{1097500}{801030.39216}}}P_2[/tex]

[tex]P_2=23.8e^{\frac{1097500}{801030.39216}}=93.7\ torr[/tex]

The vapor pressure of water at 50 °C  is 93.7 torr.

To calculate the vapor pressure of water at a different temperature, you can use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which relates the vapor pressure of a liquid to its temperature. Input the known values into the equation, and solve for the vapor pressure at the new temperature.

The key to answering this question is the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship, an equation used in Physical Chemistry to describe the relationship between the vapor pressure and temperature of a liquid. The equation is { ln(P2/P1) = -ΔHvap/R (1/T2 - 1/T1) }. Where P1, T1 represent the initial condition, in this case, the vapor pressure at 25 degrees Celsius (converted to Kelvin - 298.15 K) and seed pressure; P2 and T2 represent the final conditions, P2 being the one we want to calculate and T2 the final temperature (50 degrees Celsius converted to Kelvin - 323.15 K); ΔHvap is the enthalpy of vaporization, and R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J/mol*K). Solve the equation for P2 to find the final vapor pressure under the new conditions.

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Answer: Aerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration is the process that takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces the most ATP.

ETC, or Electron Transport chain specifically produces the most ATP.

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process that takes place in the presence of oxygen, producing almost 20 times more ATP than glycolysis alone. It occurs in the mitochondria or inner part of the cell membrane and is a part of the aerobic catabolism of glucose, which involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

The process that takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much ATP as glycolysis alone is known as oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves the movement of electrons through a series of reactions to a final electron acceptor, which is oxygen. These reactions take place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells or the inner part of the cell membrane of prokaryotic cells.

Most of the ATP generated during the aerobic catabolism of glucose is actually from oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves a series of complex steps, beginning with glycolysis, followed by the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle), and ending with the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down to form pyruvate. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate continues on to the Krebs cycle, where more ATP is generated along with the energy-carrying molecules NADH and FADH2. It's these molecules that pass on to the next step— the electron transport chain— where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The result is the production of a large amount of ATP from the energy of the electrons removed from hydrogen atoms in the glucose molecule.

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Answer:

Ionic bond

Explanation:

Ionic bonding:-

This type of bonding is formed when there is a complete transfer of electrons from one element to another element. In this bonding one element is always a metal and another is a non-metal.

Thus, the atom which loses the electron which is gained by the another, there is a electrostatic attraction between two which which results in the formation of ionic bond.

For example:-

Calcium is the element of second group and forth period. The electronic configuration of Calcium is - 2, 8, 8, 2 or [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^2[/tex]

There are 2 valence electrons of Calcium.

Sulfur is the element of sixteenth group and third period. The electronic configuration of sulfur is - 2, 8, 6 or [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^4[/tex]

There are 6 valence electrons of sulfur.

Thus, calcium loses two electrons to sulfur and sulfur accepts these electrons to form ionic bond.

Calcium sulfide, [tex]CaS[/tex] is formed when 2 valence electrons of calcium are loosed and they are gained by sulfur atom.

Answer:

Explanation:  It has been given that the temperature of the water decreases when chromium chloride is dissolved in water. Thus fall in the temperature explains the fact that the bond energies of the reactants have more energy rather than the products.

a) Thus the heat of the solution is endothermic in nature as more energy is needed to break the reactant molecules.

b) The combined ionic bond strength of CrCl2 and inter molecular forces between water molecules must be stronger than the attractive forces between the  water molecules and chromium and chloride ions as the reaction is endothermic in nature thus more energy would be required to break the bonds between the reactants hence making them more stronger.

Answer:

The new molar concentration of CO at equilibrium will be  :[CO]=1.16 M.

Explanation:

Equilibrium concentration of all reactant and product:

[tex][CO_2] = 0.24 M, [H_2] = 0.24 M, [H_2O] = 0.48 M, [CO] = 0.48 M[/tex]

Equilibrium constant of the reaction :

[tex]K=\frac{[H_2O][CO]}{[CO_2][H_2]}=\frac{0.48 M\times 0.48 M}{0.24 M\times 0.24 M}[/tex]

K = 4

[tex]CO_2(g) + H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons H_2O(g) + CO(g)[/tex]

Concentration at eq'm:

0.24 M          0.24 M                 0.48 M            0.48 M

After addition of 0.34 moles per liter of [tex]CO_2[/tex] and [tex]H_2[/tex] are added.

(0.24+0.34) M    (0.24+0.34) M  (0.48+x)M         (0.48+x)M

Equilibrium constant of the reaction after addition of more carbon dioxide and water:

[tex]K=4=\frac{(0.48+x)M\times (0.48+x)M}{(0.24+0.34)\times (0.24+0.34) M}[/tex]

[tex]4=\frac{(0.48+x)^2}{(0.24+0.34)^2}[/tex]

Solving for x: x = 0.68

The new molar concentration of CO at equilibrium will be:

[CO]= (0.48+x)M = (0.48+0.68 )M = 1.16 M

The molar concentration of CO is 1.16 M.

Molar concentration is a measurement of a chemical species concentration in a solution in terms of the amount of substance per unit volume of solution.

The reaction is

[tex]\rm CO_2(g) + H_2(g) <-> H_2O(g) + CO(g)[/tex]

Equilibrium concentration of reactant and product is

[CO2] = 0.24 M, [H₂] = 0.24 M, [H2O] = 0.48 M, and [CO] = 0.48 M

[tex]K =\dfrac{[H_2O] [CO] }{[CO_2] [H_2] } \\\\\\K =\dfrac{[ 0.48] [0.48] }{[0.24] [0.24] } =4[/tex]

Adding 0.34 to [CO2] = 0.24 M, [H₂] = 0.24 M

(0.24+0.34) M    (0.24+0.34) M

(0.48+x)M         (0.48+x)M

Now the value of K

[tex]4 =\dfrac{ (0.48+x)M (0.48+x)M }{(0.24+0.34) M (0.24+0.34) M } \\x:x = 0.68[/tex]

The molar concentration of CO is

[CO] = (0.48+x)M = (0.48+0.68 )M = 1.16 M

Thus, the molar concentration is 1.16 M.

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Answer:

The value of n is 14.

Explanation:

To calculate the concentration of solute, we use the equation for osmotic pressure, which is:

[tex]\pi=icRT[/tex]

where,

[tex]\pi[/tex] = osmotic pressure of the solution = 57.1 Torr =[tex]\frac{57.1}{760} atm = 0.07513 atm[/tex]

1 atm = 760 Torr

i = Van't hoff factor = 2 (electrolytes)

c = concentration of solute = ?

R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0820\text{ L atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]

T = temperature of the solution = [tex]25^oC=[273.15+25]=298.15 K[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]c=\frac{\pi}{iRT}=\frac{0.07513 atm}{2\times 0.0821 atm L/mol K\times 298.15 K}[/tex]

[tex]c=0.001535 mol/L[/tex]

Assuming that molality and molarity in such a dilute solution.

c = m (Molality)

The salt is soluble in water to the extent of 0.036 g per 100 g of water at 25°C

[tex]Molaity=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{molar mass of solute(M)}\times \text{Mass of solvent in kg}}[/tex]

Molality of the solution = m = 0.001535 mol/L

[tex]\frac{0.036 g}{M\times 0.1 kg}=0.001535 mol/kg[/tex]

M = 234.53 g/mol

Molar mass of [tex]LiC_nH_{2n+1}O_2[/tex] : M

M = [tex]7 g/mol\times 1 + 12 g/mol \times n +1 g/mol\times (2n+1)+2\times 16 g/mol[/tex]

[tex]234.53 g/mol=7 g/mol\times 1 + 12 g/mol \times n +1 g/mol\times (2n+1)+2\times 16 g/mol[/tex]

n = 14

The value of n is 14.

Final answer:

To find the value of n in LiCnH2n+1O2, the osmotic pressure and solubility data were used, assuming complete dissociation. However, the van 't Hoff factor may be less than the ideal value due to high lattice energy of lithium compounds, leading to potential incomplete dissociation. Further experiments or calculations are necessary to accurately determine n.

Explanation:

To determine an appropriate value of n in the formula LiCnH2n+1O2 for the lithium salt used in lubricating grease, we will use the osmotic pressure measurement given and the assumption of complete dissociation. Given that the osmotic pressure is 57.1 torr, which converts to 0.075 atm (since 1 atm = 760 torr), we can use the formula for osmotic pressure Π = iMRT, where Π is the osmotic pressure in atmospheres, i is the van 't Hoff factor, M is the molarity, R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L⋅atm/mol⋅K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (298 K, assuming 25°C room temperature). In this case, the salt fully dissociates into Li+ and the organic anion, hence the van 't Hoff factor, i, should be 2.

First, we determine the molarity of the solution. We have a solubility of 0.036 g per 100 g of water, which equates to 0.036 g in 0.1 kg of water. Assuming an approximate molar mass for the lithium salt to be around 6 (Li) + 14n (for the CnH2n+1 part) + 32 (for O2) = 38 + 14n, we can use the relation:

Π = (2)(M)(0.0821)(298)

0.075 atm = (2)(M)(0.0821)(298)

By isolating M, we find M = 0.075 / (2 * 0.0821 * 298) = 0.001538 mol/kg. Given the weight of the salt used, we can calculate the molar mass: 0.036g / 0.001538 mol/kg = 23.41 g/mol. Using the approximate molar mass 38 + 14n = 23.41, we can solve for n:

38 + 14n = 23.41

14n = -14.59

n ≈ -1.04

However, since n cannot be negative and must be an integer for an organic molecule, an error must have occured in our calculations or assumptions. Lithium compounds do have high lattice energies, and hence it's possible that the ionic compound doesn't fully dissociate.

Considering the information provided about Lithium compounds, lattice energy, and real solutions being less than ideal, the van 't Hoff factor i for the lithium salt may actually be less than the ideal value of 2, indicating incomplete dissociation. Additional experiments or refined calculations would be required to determine the actual value of n.

Answer:

thermosphere

Explanation:

Explanation:

Solubility is determined by the principle , "like dissolves like" .

i.e. , if a compound is polar then it will dissolve in a polar compound only , and

if a compound is non - polar then it will dissolve in a non - polar compound only .

Hence , from the question ,

Water is a polar molecule , and hence it will dissolve only the polar molecule , i.e. , from the given options the polar molecule is , iii. K₂SO₄

Hexane , is a non - polar molecules ,  hence it will dissolve only the non polar molecule , i.e. , from the given options the non polar molecule is i. Butane .

The substance soluble in water is [tex]\rm ii. CH_3COOH\;\;\; iii. K_2SO_4[/tex]

The substance soluble in hexane is  i. Butane

Solubility is the measure that how much solute will be soluble in liquid.

The substance soluble in water are polar solvents. Only these substances are soluble in water.

The substance that are not soluble in water are called non-polar solvents.

The acetic acid  and potassium sulfate is soluble in water because it has polar ends that dissolve with the water.

The butane is soluble in hexane not in water because it has non-polar ends.

Thus, The substance soluble in water is [tex]\rm ii. CH_3COOH\;\;\; iii. K_2SO_4[/tex]

The substance soluble in hexane is  i. Butane.

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Answer: To speed up the reaction

Explanation:

Potassium iodide is used in elephant toothpaste reaction for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by removal of oxygen from the solution ,so that reaction gets completed. Potassium iodide is the catalyst and we know that the concentration of catalyst will not change throughout the reaction so, Potassium iodide will not be consumed in the foam making process.

Answer:

Lavoisier made an important contribution to chemistry by the law of conservation of mass

Explanation:

The law of conservation of mass tell us, that the mass doens't change in a system. You have the same mass at the begining and in the end of a reaction.

Matter is neither created, nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

This law also states that mass of reactants is the same of products in any chemical reaction

Answer:

Identifying substances by weight

Answer: concentration

Explanation:

Concentration refers to the amount of a substance present in a sample. The more molecules of a substance present in a sample, the greater its concentration. The less molecules of a substance in a sample, the lesser the concentration. We are often concerned about analytically determining the concentration of a substance using diverse analytical methods in chemistry.

Answer:

He will decide which drink is to be served to whom, by the use of litmus paper.

Explanation:

The litmus paper is the most common indicator to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution. Blue litmus paper changes its color to red when a solution changes from basic to acidic while red litmus paper changes its color to blue when the opposite occurs (acid → basic).

First of all the litmus paper strip, pH indicator, is immersed in a solution and allowed to pass between 10 and 15 seconds while keeping the strip submerged.  Afterwards it is removed, and then the strip compares the color. If the color is diffuse, there is a color scale where it is determined which solution has alkaline or acidic pH

A. Outer energy level electrons are shared.

In electrovalent combination, after donating their valence electrons, metallic particles become positively charged; non metallic particles become negatively charged after acquiring extra electrons.

The electrons involved reside in the outermost shells of the atoms.

PeAcE.

There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound in chemistry, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. The correct option is option A

Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion. Ionic compound are very hard, they have very high melting and boiling point.

There is complete transfer of electron from one element to another from from the outer energy levels of element. Only the electrons that are present in the outermost shell are ready to react, only these electrons  participte in the reaction

Therefore the correct option is option A

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

The two compounds have different physical properties and different chemical properties despite the fact that they are formed from nitrogen and oxygen.

The compounds NO2 and N2O have different physical and chemical properties due to their varied molecular structures and resulting behaviors in both physical states and chemical reactions.

Compared to the physical and chemical properties of the compound NO2, the compound N2O has different physical properties and different chemical properties. This is because even though both compounds consist of nitrogen and oxygen, they have different molecular structures, which results in differences in their physical properties such as color, phase at room temperature, and boiling points. Similarly, their chemical properties also differ, such as their reactivity with other chemicals and their role in various chemical reactions.

For instance, NO2 is a reddish-brown gas that is a significant air pollutant, whereas N2O, commonly known as laughing gas, is a colorless gas and used as an anesthetic in dentistry. The correct answer to the student's question is therefore option B: different physical properties and different chemical properties.

Answer:

Max. work done in 60 g of copper plated out is 200472.14 J

Explanation:

Given cell reaction is:

[tex]Zn(s)+Cu^{2+} \rightarrow Zn^{2+}+Cu(s)[/tex]

Standard reduction potential of Zn electrode ([tex]E_{Zn^{2+}/Zn}[/tex]) is 0.763 V.

Standard reduction potential of Cu electrode ([tex]E_{Cu^{2+}/Cu}[/tex]) is -0.337 V.

Copper acts as cathode and Zinc acts as anode.

Cell potential (E) = E° cathode - E° anode

                           = 0.763 - (-0.337)

                           = 1.10 V

formula for the work done is as follows:

[tex]W_{max}=-nFE[/tex]

Here, n is no. of electron involved in the reaction.

F(Faraday's constant) = 96500

In the given reaction, n = 2

[tex]W_{max}=-nFE\\=-2 \times\ 96500 \times 1.10\\=-212300\ J/mol[/tex]

Therefore, 212300 J work is done by reducting 1 mol of copper.

Copper given is 60 g.

Molecular mass of copper is 63.54 g/mol.

[tex]No.\ of\ mol = \frac{60\ g}{63.54\ g/mol}[/tex]

Max. work done in 60 g of copper plated out is:

[tex]W_{max}=212300\ J/mol \times \frac{60\ g}{63.54\ g/mol} \\=200472.14\ J[/tex]

Answer:

Final concentration of Mg2+ = 0.20 M

Explanation:

Concentration of [tex]MgCl_2(aq)\ (M_1)[/tex] = 0.60 M

Volume of [tex]MgCl_2(aq)\ (V_1)[/tex] = 200 mL

Volume of distilled water added = 400 mL

Final volume of the soution = 200 mL + 400 mL

                                              = 600 mL

Final concentration of solution = [tex]M_2[/tex]

The final concentration is calculated as follows:

[tex]M_1 V_1=M_2V_2\\0.60 \times 200= M_2 \times 600\\M_2=\frac{0.60\times 200}{600} =0.20\ M[/tex]

Therefore, final concentration of the solution is 0.20 M.

[tex]MgCl_2(aq)[/tex] exists in the solution as Mg2+ and 2Cl-.

Therefore, concentration of Mg2+ is same as the final concentration of solution.

Final concentration of Mg2+ = 0.20 M

The concentration of magnesium ion, Mg²⁺ in the resulting solution is 0.2 M.

To solve this question, we'll begin by calculating the molarity of the diluted solution. This can be obtained as follow:

Volume of stock solution (V₁) = 200 mL

Molarity of stock solution (M₁) = 0.60 M

Volume of diluted solution (V₂) = 200 + 400 = 600 mL

The molarity of the diluted solution can be obtained as follow:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

0.6 × 200 = M₂ × 600

120 = M₂ × 600

Divide both side by 600

M₂ = 120 / 600

Thus, the molarity of the diluted solution of MgCl₂ is 0.2 M

Finally, we shall determine the concentration of Mg²⁺ in the diluted solution. This is illustrated below:

MgCl₂(aq) —> Mg²⁺(aq) + 2Cl¯(aq)

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole MgCl₂ dissolves to produce 1 mole Mg²⁺.

Therefore,

0.2 M MgCl₂ will also produce 0.2 M Mg²⁺.

Thus, the concentration of Mg²⁺ in the resulting solution is 0.2 M.

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