as levels of carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere, we could expect oceanic carbon dioxide levels to _____ and oceanic pH to _____ .

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

increase; decrease  

Step-by-step explanation:

The oceans absorb 25 % to 30 % of CO₂ emissions quickly and about 85 % in the long term.

Thus, carbon dioxide levels in the ocean increase.

=====

Dissolved CO₂ is involved in several equilibria.

(1)                          CO₂(g) ⇌ CO₂(aq)

(2)     CO₂(aq) + H₂O(ℓ) ⇌ H₂CO₃(aq)  

(3) H₂CO₃(aq) + H₂O(ℓ) ⇌ HCO₃⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

(4) HCO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(ℓ) ⇌ CO₃²⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(ℓ)

Reaction(3) accounts for most of the increase in hydronium ion concentration.

pH = -log[H₃O⁺]

As [H₃O⁺] increases, pH decreases.

Sea surface pH has decreased from 8.25 to 8.07 since the Industrial Revolution. This corresponds to a 50% increase in hydronium ions in the oceans.

We can see these effects in the NOAA graph below.


As Levels Of Carbon Dioxide Increase In The Atmosphere, We Could Expect Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Levels
Answer 2

As atmospheric CO₂ levels rise, oceanic CO₂ also increases, leading to a decrease in oceanic pH, a process termed ocean acidification. This results in a reduction in carbonate ions, making it more difficult for marine life to produce hard exoskeletons and shells, especially for organisms such as corals and shellfish.

As levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) increase in the atmosphere, we can expect oceanic carbon dioxide levels to increase and oceanic pH to decrease. This process, known as ocean acidification, leads to a significant reduction in the availability of carbonate ions, which are critical for marine organisms such as shellfish and corals to produce their hard exoskeletons and shells.

As a result, these organisms have to expend more energy to maintain their structures and are at higher risk of dissolution and weakening under the more acidic conditions.

The increase in ocean acidity poses serious threats to marine ecosystems and can hinder the growth and structural integrity of organisms that rely on calcium carbonate. With increased acidity by about 25% since the pre-industrial era, the ability of these organisms to produce calcium carbonate is diminished.

Moreover, if atmospheric CO₂ concentrations continue to rise, the situation may worsen, leading to further decreases in ocean pH and potentially causing corals to become rare by 2050 due to reduced calcification rates.


Related Questions

What step must be performed before any stoichiometry problem is solved? Explain

Answers

Balancing the Equation, Converting Given Units of a Substance to Moles, mole ratio, convert to desired units

Balance the chemical equation, convert the unit into moles, calculate the moles of the product, and convert the moles of the product into desired units.

What are stoichiometry calculations?

Stoichiometry involves the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

The first step in any stoichiometry problem is to balance the chemical reaction.

In stoichiometric calculations, both sides of the chemical equation must have the same number of atoms of each element. We use stoichiometric coefficients to balance the chemical reaction.

Convert the given mass of the reactant into moles.

The next step is to use the mole ratio concept to calculate the moles of the other substance from the moles of the given reactant.

Then use the moles of the reactant to calculate the moles of the yielded product in the chemical reaction.

In the end, convert the moles of the product into the desired units.

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: How much energy is required to heat an iron nail with a mass of 25.5 grams from 65°C until it becomes red hot at 720°C?
(C for iron = 0.4494 J/g°C). 
Part A: Enter the variable symbol for the quantity you need to find. Use your keyboard and the keypad to enter your answer. Then click Done.

Answers

Q = mct  

-Q= energy in Joules  

-m = mass in grams  

-c= specific heat capacity in J/g degree C  

-t = delta temperature in degrees Celsius  

So,  

Q = m c t  

Q = (7 grams)(0.448J/g C)(750 C - 25 C)  

Q = 2273.6 J  

Your final answer = 2273.6 Joules

Energy is the amount required by the substance to proceed with the chemical reactions. The energy required by the iron nail will be 2273.6 joules.

What is energy?

Energy is the product of the mass, specific heat capacity and change in the temperature. It is given as:

[tex]\rm Q = mC\Delta T[/tex]

Given,

Mass of the iron nail (m)= 25.5 gm

Specific heat capacity of iron (C) = 0.4494 J/g per degree C

Change in temperature = 725 degrees Celsius

Substituting values in the equation:

[tex]\begin{aligned} \rm Q &= \rm mC\Delta T\\\\&= 7\times 0.448\times 725\\\\&= 2273.6\;\rm J\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore, 2273.6 joules is energy.

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What high pressure zone that forms between the trade winds and westerlies called?

Answers

The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes and trend towards the poles and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner.

a can of soda has a volume of 250 mL and a mass of 100 g? what is the density of the soda

Answers

Answer:

2500

Explanation:

Which of the following is the proper scientific notation for the number 18,200?

Answers

1.82 x 10^4 i believe

Answer:

18,200 is expressed in scientific notation as [tex]1.82 \times 10^4[/tex]

Explanation:

To write 18,200 using the scientific notation you have to divide it and multiply it by 10,000 (because 10,000 has 5 digits like 18,200) as follows:

[tex]\frac{18,200}{10,000} \times 10,000[/tex]

[tex]1.82 \times 10,000[/tex]

10,000 can be rewritten as [tex]10^4[/tex]. Therefore:

[tex]1.82 \times 10^4[/tex]

The products of the neutralization reaction between hydrochloride acid and magnesium hydroxide are

Answers


MgCl12 and H20

Hope it helps!

magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and water (H₂O).

The beta rays emitted from atomic nuclei are _____.

an electron
a neutron
a proton

Answers

The answer I believe is An Electron


Answer: Electrons  I hope this helped! Your fellow Brainly user, GalaxyGamingKitty.

How is a substance's structure and function affected by the attractive and repulsive forces of its molecules

Answers

a substance's physical properties are highly dependent upon the attractive and repulsive forces of its molecules.

A substance having strong inter molecular force of attraction will be solid, have high strength, fixed shape and volume. High melting point.

A substance having moderate intermolcualr force of attractions will be liquid, will be able to flow, have no fixed shape but have fixed volume.

A substance having weak intermolecular forces of attractions will be gas, will be able to flow, no fixed shape and no fixed volume.


Also the properties like viscosity, surface tension , vapour pressure, boiling point, melting point all the properties depends upon the intermoleuclar force of attractions.

PLEASE ASAP :)
What best describes how water moves in one continuous column from a plant’s roots to its leaves?

A. polarity and cohesion

B. density and buoyancy

C. cohesion and adhesion

D. polarity and surface tension

Answers

The correct answer is option C, that is, cohesion and adhesion.  

The molecules of water stay near to each other via cohesion, that is, the combined activity of hydrogen bonds amongst the molecules of water. The property of cohesion assists the plant to move water upwards from the root via the xylem towards the leaf.  

At the same time, adhesion between the molecules of water to the cell walls of the plant assists to counteract gravity while water is conducted from the roots to the leaves. Thus, both the cohesion and the adhesion produces a capillary action, which keeps the molecules of water interacting with each other and conducting via the plants out to the cells of the leaf.  


The Law of Conservation of Matter describes how mass is not lost during a chemical reaction.

True
False

Answers

False, it states that matter can be nether created nor destroyed

Answer:

false

Explanation:

because it tells you the matter can't be created or destroyed.

For what anions are the compound always soluble in water?

Answers

I believe the compounds of Na+ , K+  and  NH4+ are always soluble in water.

use the equation below to determine how many liters of NH3 are needed to react completely with 10.0 L of N0 at STP

Answers

Answer is: 6.66 L of NH3 are needed to react completely.

Balanced chemical equation: 4NH₃ + 6NO  → 5N₂ + 6H₂O.

V(NO) = 10.0 L; volume of nitrogen(II) oxide.

V(NH₃) = ?

Vm = 22.4 L/mol; molar volume at STP.

n(NO) = V(NO) ÷ Vm.

n(NO) = 10 L  ÷ 22.4 L/mol.

n(NO) = 0.446 mol; amount of nitrogen(II) oxide.

From balanced chemical equation: n(NO) : n(NH₃) = 6 : 4

0.446 mol : n(NH₃) = 6 : 4.

n(NH₃) = 0.3 mol; amount of ammonia.

V(NH₃) = 0.3 mol · 22.4 L/mol.

V(NH₃) = 6.66 L.


What will occur if the velocity of the gas molecules colliding with the sides of the container increases?

Answers

The pressure  of the gas will increases

Answer:

The kinetic energy will increase and the pressure of the gas will also increase.


Explanation:

An increase in temperature will normally cause an increase in volume. Because the gas is enclosed in a rigid container the volume of the container can not increase.


An increase in temperature is by definition is an increase in kinetic energy. The increase in kinetic energy will cause the molecules of the gas to move more rapidly. As the molecules move more rapidly they collide with each other more violently. These collisions will cause an increase in pressure.


metals are malleable because the free flowing blank act as a lubricant and allow the blank to blank over each other

Answers

metals are malleable, which means they can be flatten to sheets.

Also metals are ductile , which means they can be made into thin wire.

The metals are malleable because the free flowing atoms act as a lubricant and allow the metal atom layer to roll over each other.

Answer:

Metals are NOT malleable because of lubricants.

The statement is FALSE.

Explanation:

Malleability is the ability of a material to bend while under pressure (compressive stress). A o malleable metal is one which can be hammered, rolled or  flattened into thin sheets. Gold, iron, aluminium, copper, silver and lead are types of malleable metals.

Cheers!

Question 6
Steel
Vacuum
Salt water
Oxygen gas

Answers

The answer would be G, a vacuum.

Explanation: Sound waves can't travel through a vacuum because a vacuum lacks air. Without air, no vibrations can occur and vibrations is a fundamental part for how sound is possible. Without it, sound waves can't travel.

A vacuum is the substance through which sound waves cannot travel, as sound requires a medium to propagate. Sound speed varies with the medium's density and rigidity, and sound travels fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.

The substance that sound waves cannot travel through is a vacuum. Sound waves need a medium to travel through, such as solids, liquids, or gases because they are pressure waves.

In a vacuum, there are no particles to transmit the sound waves, thus no sound can be heard. This is why in space, where there is a vacuum, no one can hear you scream.

Sound waves travel at different speeds depending on the medium they move through.

The speed of sound is faster in materials that are more rigid and less compressible, such as solids, compared to liquids, and it is faster in liquids than in gases.

Factors like density and rigidity of the medium as well as temperature, affect the speed of sound.

calculate the mass number for an atom that has 45 neutrons and 35 electrons.

Answers

80. Is your answer. You just add them.

What kinds of rocks would you expect to see on Mars? What evidence do you have

Answers

like what are they made of? if so iron, due to iron oxide appearing as red hence why mars is red

Which are ways of showing probability? Check all that apply. A.50% B.557 C.1 × 104 D.25%

Answers

Answer:

Option: A and D are the correct answer.

 A.   50%     and    D.    25%

Explanation:

We know that the probability of an event is the chance of occurring of an event.

The probability of an event always lie between 0 and 1.

It is equal to zero if the event will never occur and is equal to 1 if the event is certain to occur.

Also, the probability could be in ratio or it could be in percentage and the percent may be between 0%-100%

Hence, in the given options:

B)  557 is incorrect as the probability is greater than 1.

c) 1×104=104 is incorrect since the probability is greater than 1

Hence, the correct options are:

   A.   50%

and   D.   25%

Four gases are described below:

Gas A: 5 liters at 20 °C
Gas B: 5 liters at 10 °C
Gas C: 5 liters at 40 °C
Gas D: 5 liters at 30 °C

Which gas has the greatest average molecular kinetic energy?

Answers

the answer would be Gas B

Answer:

Gas B: 5 liters at 10 °C

Explanation:

the warmer the container is the faster the molecules will move cause they aren't frozen and not able to move like Gas C: 5 liters at 40 °C.

Which method of heat transfer takes place when particular of matter vibrate and collide with each other in direct contact?
Conduction
Convection
Insulation
Radiation

Answers

Conduction - by touch
Convection - hot air rises, cold air sinks
Insulation - to insulate or capture heat
Radiation - by waves
Direct contact means touch, therefore the answer would be conduction.
Answer:CONDUCTIONstep by step: Conduction occurs when two object at different temperatures are in contact with each other. Heat flows from the warmer to the cooler object until they are both at the same temperature. Conduction is the movement of heat through a substance by the collision of molecules.

Explain how the Rutherford gold foil experiment correctly advanced atomic theory away from the plum pudding model?

Answers

Answer:

D. It proved the positive charge is concentrated in a relatively small region of the atom.

Explanation:

it was on USATestprep!!!!

In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses? a. drawing conclusions b. making observations c. analyzing data d. revising a hypothesis

Answers

Hello There,

The answer is:

B. making observations

Hope this help have a great day:)

The step of the scientific method in which information is obtained through the sentence is making observations (option B).

What is the scientific method and what steps does it involve?

The scientific method is a standardized method used to understand natural phenomena by testing hypotheses. The first step in this method is to make observations, which means you gather information through senses such as sight, touch, and hearing, among others.

This step is followed by creating a hypothesis and then testing this hypothesis through a specific experiment. Based on this, the correct step is making observations (option B).

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A bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) contains a protein that can kill cotton ballworms and certain other kinds of caterpillars. A different bacterium called Agrobacterium tumefaciens has the ability to insert its genetic material into plants. Scientists in the late twentieth century took a gene from (B.t.) and inserted it into specimens of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Genetic material from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens specimens was then inserted into cotton plants. The goal of these tests was to reduce caterpillar infestation in the cotton plants.

Answers

This is genetic engineering.

I hope this helps!

Cheer,s July.

Answer:

genetic modification.

Explanation:

who is sheikh hasina

Answers

"Sheikh Hasina Wazed is the current and 10th Prime Minister of Bangladesh, in office since January 2009. She is the longest serving prime minister in the history of Bangladesh. Hasina is the daughter of Bangladesh's first President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Her political career has spanned more than four decades".


Sheikh Hasina Wazed, byname Sheikh Hasina, Wazed also spelled Wajed, (born September 28, 1947, Tungipara, East Pakistan [now in Bangladesh]), Bengali politician and leader of the Awami League political party, who twice served as prime minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001; 2009– ) Bearing the legacy of her father, who led Bangladesh’s liberation war, Hasina has never been afraid of a fight. So when several hundred thousand ethnic Rohingya refugees started streaming into Bangladesh last August to escape atrocities by the Myanmar army, she accepted the humanitarian challenge. An impoverished country, Bangladesh had not welcomed massive influxes of refugees in the past, but she could hardly turn back the traumatized victims of ethnic cleansing.

true or false atoms of difference elements can combine to form compound?

Answers

It's true

There are thousands of combinations that can be put together to form a all sorts of compounds. That's the whole basis of inorganic chemistry. Organic chemistry is a little bit different. It is more restricted.

It's True my dude!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

A sample of copper powder is heated in an evaporating dish using a Bunsen burner. If the mass of the powder in the evaporating dish increases after heating, this indicates that A. the copper must have combined with another substance. B. the copper must have lost matter. C. hot copper is more dense than cold copper. D. hot copper weighs more than cold copper.

Answers

Answer : The correct option is, (A) the copper must have combined with another substance.

Explanation :

According to the question, when a sample of copper powder is heated in an evaporating dish by using Bunsen burner then the mass of the powder in the evaporating dish increases after heating that means the copper powder will be combined with the another substance.

If the mass of powder in the evaporating dish is decreases after the heating then the copper powder must have lost some matter.

The given option C and D are wrong statements because the hot copper is less dense than the cold copper and as we know that the density is directly proportional to the mass of a substance that means the hot copper weighs less than cold copper.

Hence, the correct option is, (A) the copper must have combined with another substance.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

What does a plateau represent on hearing curve

Answers

A heating curve graphically represents the phase transitions that a substance undergoes as heat is added to it. The plateaus on the curve mark the phase changes. The temperature remains constant during these phase transitions.

The text says, "refugee and immigrant Children in Canada have significant similarities."

what does significant mean?

Answers

Significant would mean noticeably or maybe even obviously. Maybe even size ably. Just flat out big or large.
The significant means that they were both migrated away from their original home land.

Based on the reactivities of the elements involved, which reactions will form products that are more stable than the reactants? 2LiF + Cl2 → 2LiCl + F2 2LiI + Cl2 → 2LiCl + I2 2LiCl + Br2 → 2LiBr + Cl2 2LiBr + F2 → 2LiF + Br2 2LiBr + I2 → 2LiI + Br2

Answers

2 LiI + Cl₂ → 2 LiCl + I₂

2 LiBr + F₂ → 2 LiF + Br₂

Explanation

Each of the five reactions involve one halogen molecule (F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂) substituting the ion of another halogen (F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, and I⁻).

Halogen atoms are found in group 17 of the periodic table. They are all non-metal elements. Each of the halogen atom will gain one electron to form an ion of charge -1. However, the tendency to do so decreases down the group.

F is the first halogen in group 17. It has only two shells of electrons. Cl is right under F. Its electrons occupy three main energy shells. Br follows with four main energy shells. I is under Br and has five main energy shells.

Atoms of all four elements have the same effective nuclear charge of +7. However, F has the smallest radius. As a result, it has the strongest hold on electrons around it. Its ion F⁻ is more stable than ions of Cl, Br, or I. Similarly, its molecule F₂ is more reactive than Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂.

As a result, the stability of halogen molecules increases down the group:

Stability: F₂ < Cl₂ < Br₂ < I₂.

The stability of halogen ions decreases down the group:

Stability: F⁻ > Cl⁻ > Br⁻ > I⁻.

Cl₂ repaces F⁻ (from LiF) in first reaction. F₂ and Cl⁻ are produced. F₂ is less stable than Cl₂. Cl⁻ is less stable than F⁻.

Cl₂ replaces I⁻ (from LiI) in the second reaction. I₂ and Cl⁻ are produced. I₂ is more stable than Cl₂. Cl⁻ is more stable than I⁻.

Br₂ replaces Cl⁻ (from LiCl) in the third reaction. Cl₂ and Br⁻ are produced. Cl₂ is less stable than Br₂. Br⁻ is less stable than Cl⁻.

F₂ replaces Br⁻ (from LiBr) in the fourth reaction. Br₂ and F⁻ are produced. Br₂ is more stable than F₂. F⁻ is more stable than Br⁻.

I₂ replaces Br⁻ (from LiBr) in the fifth reaction. Br₂ and I⁻ are produced. Br₂ is less stable than I₂. I⁻ is less stable than Br⁻.

Based on the reactivities of the elements involved, 2LiI + Cl₂ → 2LiCl + I₂ and 2LiBr + F₂ → 2LiF + Br₂ reactions will form products that are more stable than the reactants.

What do you understand reactivity?

Reactivity of any element is inversely proportional to the stability of the element. Because the stable element will not react quickly.

In the given question all the reactants are halogens except lithium and halogens are belongs from the 17th group of the periodic table.

In the molecular form stability of halogens are increasing from top to bottom, because size of halogens increases and repulsion between the atoms decreases.

                                          F₂ < Cl₂ < Br₂ < I₂

In the halide form stability of halogen group are decreasing from top to bottom because size increases then the effective nuclear charge of nucleus on the outermost shell electrons decreases and stability also decreases.

                                          F⁻ > Cl⁻ > Br⁻ > I⁻

Hence, the stable reactions are 2LiI + Cl₂ → 2LiCl + I₂ and 2LiBr + F₂ → 2LiF + Br₂.

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What do scientists call organisms, such as plants, which make their own food?

Answers

Most plants are called autotrophs they make their own food

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