Answer:Hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
Hydrogen bonds occur between molecules when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative element in each molecule of the compound E.g water. Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bond forces. They hold molecules of a substance together in a particular state of matter. They do not link atoms together but they form bridges between molecules. Hydrogen bonds exist in liquid, solid and gaseous states of matter.
Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that form bridges between molecules. They occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an atom with a partial negative charge.
Explanation:Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules. These bonds occur when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge is attracted to an atom with a partial negative charge.
An example of hydrogen bonding is the bond between water molecules. The partial positive charge of the hydrogen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of the oxygen atom in a neighboring water molecule, resulting in hydrogen bonding.
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Some amount of water is evaporated from a 2.0 L, 0.2 M NaI solution, to from a 1.0 L solution. The molar mass of NaI is 150 g/mol. What is the final concentration of NaI solution in
Answer:
The final concentration of NaI is 0.4M
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Initial volume of a 0.2 M NaI solution
To form a 1.0 L solution
The molar mass of NaI is 150 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate the moles of NaI
Moles NaI = 0.2M * 2.0 L = 0.4 moles
Step 3: Calculate the final concentration
Concentration = moles / volume
Concentration = 0.4 moles / 1.0L
Concentration = 0.4M
The final concentration of NaI is 0.4M
Contour plowing, no-till planting, and planting trees to serve as wind buffers are all methods used to __________. A. reduce erosion B. farm organically C. conserve water D. increase crop yields Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B
Answer:
Option (A)
Explanation:
Contour plowing is usually defined as an efficient technique for plowing that is carried along the elevation contours of the land in the hilly areas in order to reduce the effect of soil erosion. It also improves the drainage pattern and improves the quality of the water. No-till planting (farming) is a commonly used agricultural technique that does not involve the use of tillage, and enriches the fertility of the soil and also reduces the soil erosion effect. Afforestation is a process characterized by the planting of new plants and trees in order to reduce the effect of soil erosion, and also increases the fertility of the soil.Thus, all these three processes are mainly implemented in order to reduce soil erosion, which usually takes place due to agents like wind and water.
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Some organisms are not able to live in an environment where there is oxygen; these types of organisms are called obligate anaerobes. Which explanation is most plausible for how they survive without oxygen?
Obligate anaerobes survive without oxygen by using anaerobic respiration or fermentation as their energy-producing processes. They lack normal cellular defenses against oxidative stress, which makes oxygen lethal to them. For example, Clostridium perfringens bacteria are obligate anaerobes that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and use molecules other than oxygen as terminal electron acceptors.
Explanation:Obligate anaerobes are organisms that cannot live in an environment where there is oxygen. They survive without oxygen by using anaerobic respiration or fermentation as their energy-producing processes. These organisms lack normal cellular defenses against oxidative stress, which makes oxygen lethal to them. For example, Clostridium perfringens bacteria are obligate anaerobes that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and use molecules other than oxygen as terminal electron acceptors.
Substances dissolve through three processes: I. ionization II. dissociation III. dispersion Which lists the dissolving processes that change the identity of a substance?
Answer:
I and II
Ionization and. Dissociation
Explanation:
Dissociation,
Is to unbundle a compound into smaller, less complex constituents that are generally able to recombine under different conditions.
Ionization or ionisation,
Is the process in which an atom or a molecule accepts or loses electrons to become negatively or positively charged, it often is accompanied by with chemical changes.
Dispersion
The act of distributing things over a wide area.
The dissolving processes that change the identity of a substance in chemistry are ionization and dissociation.
Explanation:Dissolving Processes in ChemistryThe dissolving processes that change the identity of a substance are ionization and dissociation.
Ionization occurs when a substance forms ions in a solution. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissolves in water, it ionizes into hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-).
Dissociation happens when a compound breaks apart into its constituent ions in a solution. One example is table salt (NaCl) dissociating into sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) when dissolved in water.
Dispersion is the process of solute particles spreading evenly throughout a solvent, without forming ions or breaking apart into ions. Dispersion does not change the identity of the substance.
Learn more about dissolving processesWrite an equation for the reaction of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and calcium hydroxide. What is the coefficient of calcium hydroxide in this equation?
Answer:
The answer to your question is " 3 "
Explanation:
Equation = ?
Phosphoric acid = H₃PO₄
Calcium hydroxide = Ca(OH)₂
This is an acid base reaction because there is an exchange of hydrogens.
Reaction
H₃PO₄ + Ca(OH)₂ ⇒ Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + H₂O
Balance
Reactants Elements Products
1 P 2
1 Ca 3
5 H 2
6 O 9
The reaction is unbalanced
2H₃PO₄ + 3Ca(OH)₂ ⇒ Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O
Balance
Reactants Elements Products
2 P 2
3 Ca 3
12 H 6
14 O 14
Now, the reaction is balanced, the coefficient of Calcium hydroxide is 3
The equilibrium constant for the equation Ag+(aq)+2NH3(aq)↽−−⇀[Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) is Kf=2.5×103 M−2 at 25.0 ∘C . Calculate the value of Δ????∘rxn at 25.0 ∘C . Δ????∘rxn= kJ/mol Is the reaction spontaneous under standard conditions? yes noCalculate the value of Δ????rxn at 25.0 ∘C when [Ag+]=0.00850 M , [NH3]=0.156 M , and [[Ag(NH3)2]+]=0.00632 M . Δ????rxn= kJ/mol Is the reaction spontaneous under these conditions?
The ΔG°rxn at 25.0 °C for the given reaction is -4.184 KJ/mol, which means the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. When actual concentrations are provided, the ΔGrxn at 25.0 °C is -2.81 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction remains spontaneous.
Explanation:To calculate the ΔG°rxn at 25.0 °C, we'll be utilizing the formula ΔG° = -RT ln K, where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol K), T is the temperature in Kelvin (25.0 °C = 298.15 K), and K is the equilibrium constant Kf (2.5 × 10³ M^-2). The R needs to be converted to kJ from J by dividing it by 1000. Following these conversions, we can substitute these values:
ΔG° = - (8.314 x 10^-3 kJ/mol K) x (298.15 K) x ln (2.5 × 10³ M^-2) = -4.184 KJ/mol
The spontaneity of the reaction is determined by the sign of ΔG. In this case, since ΔG is negative, it indicates that the reaction is indeed spontaneous under standard conditions.
For evaluating ΔGrxn at 25.0 °C when [Ag^+]=0.00850 M, [NH₃]=0.156 M, and [[Ag(NH₃)2]^+]=0.00632 M, we must resort to the equation ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q, where Q is the reaction quotient. We substitute the actual concentrations into the equilibrium expression to get Q = {[Ag(NH₃)2]^+} / ([Ag^+] x [NH₃]^2) = 0.00632 / (0.00850 x (0.156)^2) = 2.666. Thus, the ΔGrxn can be calculated as ΔG = -4.184 kJ/mol + 8.314 x 10^-3 kJ/mol K x 298.15K x ln(2.666) = -2.81 kJ/mol.
As ΔGrxn remains negative even with these conditions, the reaction still remains spontaneous.
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As shown in the figure below, EBT solution is blue when pH is adjusted to 10. When calcium chloride is added to EBT solution, the color turns red due to the formation of EBT-metal complex. If you use your standard EDTA solution to titrate/quantify a calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution with unknown concentration, what is the color of the solution at end point?
Answer:
The color of solution at the end point will be blue.
Explanation:
EBT is used as an indicator for complexometric titrations and acts as a chelating agent. It has a blue color, in its free form, when the pH is adjusted to 10.
On the addition of CaCl₂, EBT binds with Ca(II) and gives a red color, due to its EBT-Ca (II) complex. So, the color at the start of the titration is red.
When EDTA is added, it starts to form EDTA-Ca(II) complex. Near the endpoint, it starts to replace EBT bound to Ca, because it has a higher formation constant (Kf) for its EDTA-Ca(II) complex than EBT-Ca(II) complex. The EDTA-Ca(II) has no color so the solution shows the colour of free EBT, which is blue. Hence the color at the endpoint will be blue.
Harmful chemicals released directly into the atmosphere due to either human activities or natural processes are ___ air pollutants.
a) primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary
d) quaternary
Answer:
correct answer is a) primary air pollutants
Explanation:
solution
primary air pollutants material are that material which release pose health risk in the unmodified form and they emitted directly from identifiable source not react so they are primary air pollutant
and some major material released directly into the atmosphere as unmodified are given below
Carbon monoxide Nitrogen oxides Sulfur dioxideParticulate matterHydrocarbonsthey all are primary air pollutants
so correct answer is is a) primary air pollutants
Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 are both produced in nuclear fallout. Cesium-137 has a half-life of 30 years. Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28 years. Strontium-90 is considered to be a greater health threat because cesium-137 has a longer half-life.
a. strontium is chemically similar to calcium but is more readily removed from the body than calcium .
b. cesium-137 is not radioactive.
c. strontium is chemically similar to calcium and is incorporated into bone.
Answer:
c. strontium is chemically similar to calcium and is incorporated into bone.
Explanation:
Strontium is a chemical element in group two which bears a great similarity with calcium in terms of chemical reactivity, ion size, etc. Hence it can easily replace calcium in the bone, causing a great damage to the individual because of its radioactivity.
How many valid electron dot formulas—having the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion—can be written when a resonance structure occurs?
Answer:
2 or more
Explanation:
There are 2 or more valid electron dot formulas—having the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion—can be written when a resonance structure occur as we know that Sharing of electrons takes place so that atoms achieve noble gas configurations. So, How is it that an electron dot arrangement reflects a covalent bond? An electron dot arrangement represents a pair of dots with the mutual electrons of a covalent bond. A great energy of dissociation from bonds leads to a solid covalent bond.
Answer: 2 or more
Explanation:
Ammonia react with phosphorus acid to form a compound that contains 28.2% of nitrogen 20.8%, phosphorus 8.1% of hydrogen 42.9%oxygen.Calculate the empirical formula of this compound
Answer:
Empirical formula will be (NH₄)₃PO₄, which matches the molecular formula
Explanation:
This is the reaction:
NH₃ + H₃PO₄ → 28.2% N, 20.8% P, 8.1% H, 42.9% O
In 100 g of compound we have:
28.2 g N
20.8 g of P
8.1 g of H
42.9 g of O
Now we divide each between the molar mass:
28.2 g / 14 g/mol = 2.01 mol
20.8 g / 30.97 g/mol = 0.671 mol
8.1 g / 1 g/mol = 8.1 mol
42.9 g / 16 g/mol = 2.68 mol
And we divide again between the lowest value of moles
2.01 mol / 0.671 mol → 3
0.671 mol / 0.671 mol → 1
8.1 mol / 0.671 mol → 12
2.68 mol / 0.671 mol → 4
Molecular formula will be: N₃PH₁₂O₄ → (NH₄)₃PO₄
Empirical formula will be (NH₄)₃PO₄, which matches the molecular formula
50.0 mL of a solution of HCl is combined with 100.0 mL of 1.05M NaOH in a calorimeter. The reaction mixture is initially at 22.4 degree C, and the final temperature after reaction is 30.2 degree C. What is the molarity of the HCl solution? You may assume that there is an excess of base (so that all the HCl has reacted), that the specific heat of the reaction mixture is 0.96 cal/g degree C, and that the density of the reaction mixture is 1.02 g/mL. The heat of neutralization of HC1 and NaOH is 13.6 kcal/mole.
Answer:
2.1 M is the molarity of the HCl solution.
Explanation:
[tex]HCl+NaOH\rightarrow H_2O+NaCl[/tex]
Molarity of HCl solution = [tex] M_1=?[/tex]
Volume of HCl solution = [tex]V_1=50.0mL[/tex]
Ionizable hydrogen ions in HCl = [tex]n_1=1[/tex]
Molarity of NaOH solution = [tex] M_2=1.05 M[/tex]
Volume of NaOH solution = [tex]V_2=100.0 mL[/tex]
Ionizable hydroxide ions in NaOH = [tex]n_2=1[/tex]
[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex] (neutralization )
[tex]M_1=\frac{M_2V_2}{V_1}=\frac{1.05M\times 100.0 mL}{50.0 mL}[/tex]
[tex]M_1=2.1 M[/tex]
2.1 M is the molarity of the HCl solution.
Final answer:
The molarity of the HCl solution is determined by calculating the heat absorbed during the reaction, converting this heat to moles of reacted NaOH, and assuming equimolar reaction with HCl. The final molarity of HCl is found to be 2.10 M.
Explanation:
To determine the molarity of the HCl solution, we first need to calculate the heat absorbed by the solution during the neutralization reaction using the specific heat capacity, mass, and change in temperature of the solution.
Calculate the Heat Absorbed by the Solution
Firstly, the total volume of the solution is the sum of the volumes of HCl and NaOH, which is 50.0 mL + 100.0 mL = 150.0 mL. The density of the solution is given as 1.02 g/mL, so the mass of the solution is 150.0 mL × 1.02 g/mL = 153.0 g.
The change in temperature (ΔT) is the final temperature minus the initial temperature, so ΔT = 30.2°C - 22.4°C = 7.8°C.
The heat absorbed (q) by the solution is calculated using the formula q = mass × specific heat × ΔT. Substituting the values, we get q = 153.0 g × 0.96 cal/g°C × 7.8°C = 1143.36 cal.
Convert Heat to Kcal and Calculate Moles of NaOH
Since q needs to be in kilocalories to use the heat of neutralization, we convert 1143.36 cal to kcal: 1143.36 cal × (1 kcal / 1000 cal) = 1.14336 kcal.
We know the heat of neutralization for HCl and NaOH is 13.6 kcal/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH reacted (which equals moles of HCl because they react 1:1) is:
moles of NaOH = 1.14336 kcal / 13.6 kcal/mol = 0.0841 mol.
Calculate Molarity of HCl
Since 100.0 mL of 1.05M NaOH contains 0.105 mol/L × 0.100 L = 0.105 mol NaOH, and we know all HCl has reacted, we can say that the moles of HCl must also be 0.105 mol.
The molarity (M) of HCl is the number of moles of HCl divided by the volume of HCl in liters. M = moles / liters = 0.105 mol / 0.050 L = 2.10 M HCl.
A cable raises a mass of 158.0 kg with an acceleration of 1.8 m/s2. What force (in N) of tension is in the cable?
Answer:
Force of Tension = 1832.8 N
Explanation:
Any mass of object supported or pulled by a rope or cable is subject to a force of tension. Since the mass is raised by a cable, tension is involved.
Mathematically,
Tension = mass × gravity(9.8 m/s²)
Tension can be represented as
T = (m × g) + (m × a)
Where g is the acceleration due to gravity of the object the cable is supporting and a is the acceleration on the object the cable is supporting. And m is the mass of the object.
mass = 158 kg
a = 1.8 m/s²
g = 9.8 m/s²
T = mg + ma
T = m(g + a)
T = 158(9.8 + 1.8)
T = 158 × 11.6
T = 1832.8 N
When oxygen is depleted, the citric acid cycle stops. What could we add to the system to restore citric acid cycle activity (other than oxygen)?
Answer:
NAD+, FAD.
Explanation:
The citric acid cycle is popularly known as the Kreb's cycle. The cycle involve the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce energy. The Kreb's cycle is a chemical process that produces produces two carbon dioxide molecules,NADH,FADH2 and one ATP.
When oxygen is depleted, the citric acid cycle stops, apart from oxygen NAD+ and FAD could be added to the system to restore citric acid cycle activity. NAD+ acts as an electron acceptor.
Citric acid cycle/Kreb's cycle is an aerobic process that occurs in the mitochondria and produces thirty-six(36) ATPs.
To restore citric acid cycle activity when oxygen is depleted is to add an electron acceptor.
In the absence of oxygen, the electron transport chain cannot function properly because oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
When oxygen is not available, electrons accumulate, and the energy-generating process of the mitochondria is inhibited. This results in the cessation of the citric acid cycle due to the lack of NAD+ and FAD, which are required as electron carriers in the cycle.
To restore the activity of the citric acid cycle under anaerobic conditions, one could add an alternative electron acceptor that can be reduced instead of oxygen.
The client's lab values are sodium 166 mEq/L, potassium 5.0 mEq/L, chloride 115 mEq/L, and bicarbonate 35 mEq/L. What condition is this client likely to have, judging by anion gap?
Answer:
The anion value of 21mEq/L suggest the client will have metabolic acidosis
Explanation:
Anion gap is the interval or difference between measured cations (Sodium and Potassium) with the sum of measured anions (chloride and bicarbonate)
Using the above mentioned data
(166 + 5) - (115 + 35) = 21mEq/L
Therefore the Anion gap = 21mEq/L
The acid-dissociation constant, Ka, for benzoic acid is 6.5 × 10-5. Which will you use to calculate the base-dissociation constant, Kb, for the conjugate base of benzoic acid?
Answer:
The base-dissociation constant, Kb,for the conjugate base of benzoic acid is :
[tex]K_{b}=1.54\times 10^{-10}}[/tex]
Explanation:
The product of acid dissociation constant and base dissociation constant is equal to the water dissociation constant.The general formula for the reaction is:
[tex]K_{w}=K_{a}K_{b}[/tex]
For the acid dissociation reaction:
[tex]HA + H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons H^{+}+A^{-}[/tex]
The conjugate base for the acid is A-
The acid is HA . and its Ka is given.
The value of Kw is fixed at a given temperature , which is equal to:
[tex]K_{w}=10^{-14}[/tex]
[tex]K_{a}=6.5\times 10^{-5}[/tex]
[tex]K_{b}=\frac{10^{-14}}{6.5\times 10^{-5}}[/tex]
[tex]K_{b}=1.54\times 10^{-10}}[/tex]
Answer:
Ka*kb=kw
Explanation:Got it right
What assumptions are we making when we infer the mass of a galaxy cluster from observations of the spectra of its constituent galaxies?
Answer:
The assumptions we make when we infer the mass of a galaxy cluster from observations of the spectra of its constituent galaxies is thermal hydrostatic equilibrium
Explanation:
In galaxy cluster observation, thermal X-ray emission from the hot intracluster gas measures directly the gas density and temperature distributions within the cluster. This hot gas is confined by and expected to trace the underlying three-dimensional gravitational potential. Under the assumption of thermal hydrostatic equilibrium, these gas properties may be used to infer the cluster total mass distribution.
Hence, the assumptions we make when we infer the mass of a galaxy cluster from observations of the spectra of its constituent galaxies is thermal hydrostatic.
The sculpted pinnacles in Bryce Canyon National Park are the result of _____. A. differential weathering B. frost wedging C. exfoliation D. unloading
Answer:
B. frost wedging Hope i helped!
Explanation:
Answer:
B
Explanation:
If you have 2.41 × 1024 atoms of copper, how many moles of copper do you have? If you have 2.41 atoms of copper, how many moles of copper do you have? 4.00 0.600 3.00 0.250 none of the above
Answer:
4.00 moles
Explanation:
Avogadro´s number is 6.022 x 10²³ molecules, atoms, particles, etc.
Here we are talking of atoms of copper, so 1 mol of copper is equal to 6.022 x 10²³ atoms, and we only need to setup the proportion to find the number of mol in 2.41 x 10²⁴ atoms. ( Think of it like a dozen, avogadro´s is 6.022 x 10²³ )
( 1 mol copper/ 6.022 x 10²³ atoms of copper ) x 2.41 x 10²⁴ atoms
= 4.00 moles
Which potential component in the synthetic pain relief mixture could be separated from the mixture using liquid-liquid extraction with sodium bicarbonate solution?
Answer: The acetaminophen
Explanation: Liquid-Liquid is a very important and commercial separation method used for the chemical separation and analyst of chemical mixtures. It is also known as PARTITIONING. In this technique the solute is transferred from one solvent to another of which both solvents are IMMISCIBLE OR PARTLY MISCIBLE. example in the mixture involving sodium bicarbonate,acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen and a binder after the binder is removed and you mix the two other components with the sodium bicarbonate the solution the acetylsalicylic acid dissolved but the acetaminophen did not meaning you could separate it from the other.
Which of the following is true in regard to ions? A. A cation will hold a positive charge if it gains one or more electrons. B. An ionized atom has a number of protons that is unequal to the number of electrons. C. Ions can carry only positive charges. D. Losing one or more electrons will turn an atom into an anion.
Answer:
B. An ionized atom has a number of protons that is unequal to the number of electrons.
Explanation:
For a neutral atom , the number of proton and electron is equal. An ionized atom has either loss or gain electron, thereby making the number of proton and electron unequal. The answer B is true because an ionized atom has either loss or gain electron to make the number of electron and proton unequal.
Option A is incorrect because a cations holds a positive charge when it loss one or more electron not when it gains one or more electron(s). Anions possess negative charge for gaining electron(s).
Option C is not true because ions can also carry negative charges and they are called anions.
Option D is false because losing one or more electron will turn an atom to a cations.
When the procedure calls for making a more dilute solution of an acid, or mixing an acid with other solutions, what is the correct order of steps?
Explanation:
Whenever we need to make a dilute solution of an acid then it is necessary to add water or non-acidic component into the acid first. This is because addition of water or non-acidic component directly into the acid could be highly exothermic in nature.
As a result, the acid can splutter and can cause burning of skin and other serious damage.
So, in order to avoid such type of damage the addition of water or non-acidic component into the acid actually helps to minimize the heat generated.
Thus, we can conclude that correct order of steps for making a more dilute solution of an acid is that either add all of the water or non-acid component first, or add a significant portion, before adding the acid to the mixture.
Refer to Animation: Kinetic and Potential Energy. Which of the factors accounts for the higher potential energy of C-C and C-H bonds compared to C-O and H-O bonds?
A) The C-C and C-H bonds are strong, thus requiring a lot of energy to hold together.
B) The CO and H-O bonds are weak, thus requiring less energy to hold together.
C) The C-C and C-H bonds are weak, thus requiring a lot of energy to hold together.
D) The CO and wo bonds are strong, thus requiring a lot of energy to hold together.
Explanation:
The electronegativity difference in C-C and C-H atoms is quite low. This means smaller the electron cloud. This further means larger bond length that is electron's are further from the nucleus. hence, higher potential energy of C-C and C-H bonds.
On the contrary, C-O and H-O have large difference in electronegativity( O is high electronegative element) . This means smaller bond length. Electron's near the nucleus. Thus, lower potential energy of bonds.
Darcy's friend is complaining about the recent Chemistry examination and her fear of failing the class. Darcy replies, "everything happens for a reason. You will be fine. You always get out of jams." Darcy's response is an example of_____________.
Answer:
Empathetic listening
The atomic number of calcium (Ca) is 20, and it's mass number is 40. What is true about the subatomic particles that make up a neutral atom of calcium?
A) It has 20 protons, 20 neutrons and 20 electrons.
B) the total number of subatomic particles in Ca is 40.
C) The number of electrons cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: A. It has 20 protons, 20 neutrons and 20 electrons
Explanation: The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons inside the nucleus. In a neutral atom the number of electrons and protons are equal.
The number of neutrons can be determined by this formula
Atomic Mass - Atomic Number = n
40 - 20 = 20 neutrons
Protons = 20
Electrons = 20
Neutrons = 20
A yield of NH₃ of approximately 98% can be obtained at 200°C and 1,000 atmospheres of pressure.How many grams of N₂ must react to form 1.7 grams of ammonia, NH₃?
a. 0.0058 g
b. .052 g
c. 1.4 g
d. 2.8 g
Answer: The mass of nitrogen gas that must be reacted is 1.4 grams
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(1)
For ammonia:Given mass of ammonia = 1.7 g
Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of ammonia}=\frac{1.7g}{17g/mol}=0.1mol[/tex]
The chemical equation for the production of ammonia follows:
[tex]N_2+3H_2\rightarrow 2NH_3[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of ammonia is produced by 1 mole of nitrogen gas
So, 0.1 moles of ammonia will be produced from [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 0.1=0.05mol[/tex] of nitrogen gas
Now, calculating the mass of nitrogen gas from equation 1, we get:
Molar mass of nitrogen gas = 28 g/mol
Moles of nitrogen gas = 0.05 moles
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.05mol=\frac{\text{Mass of nitrogen gas}}{28g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of nitrogen gas}=(0.05mol\times 28g/mol)=1.4g[/tex]
Hence, the mass of nitrogen gas that must be reacted is 1.4 grams
The enthalpy of fusion of methanol (CH3OH) is 3.16 kJ/mol. How much heat would be absorbed or released upon freezing 25.6 grams of methanol?
Answer:
5.04 kJ
Explanation:
We are given the enthalpy of fusion of methanol as 3.16 kJ per mol of methanol. Thus, what we need is to determine is the number of mol in 25.4 g of methanol and multiply by this enthalpy.
mol methanol = mass / MW CH₃OH = 25.6 mol / 16.04 g/mol = 1.60 mol
ΔH = 1.60 mol x 3.16 kJ/mol = 5.04 kJ
A 547-mLmL sample of unknown HCl HCl solution reacts completely with Na2CO3Na2CO3 to form 17.1 gg CO2CO2. What was the concentration of the HClHCl solution?
Answer:
the required concentration is 1.52 M
2 HCl + Na2CO3 -----> CO2 + H2O + NaCl
2 moles HCl reacts to form 1 mole of CO2 .
no. of moles of CO2 = 20.1/ 44.1 = 0.455
no. of moles of HCl = 0.455* 2 = 0.911 mole (molar ratio =2 from equation)
con. of HCl =no. of moles/volume in liter
=0.911/ 0.597 = 1.52 M
Final answer:
To find the concentration of an HCl solution from the mass of CO₂ produced in a reaction, we first calculate the moles of CO₂ and then use the molar ratio between HCl and CO₂ to find the moles of HCl. Finally, we find the concentration by dividing the moles of HCl by the volume of the solution in liters, resulting in a concentration of 0.7102 M for the HCl solution.
Explanation:
To determine the concentration of the HCl solution, we must first calculate the number of moles of CO₂ produced from the given mass. CO₂ has a molar mass of 44.01 g/mol, so the number of moles of CO₂ can be calculated as follows:
Number of moles of CO₂ = 17.1 g CO2 ÷ 44.01 g/mol = 0.3885 mol CO₂
According to the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HCl and Na₂CO₃:
HCl(aq) + Na₂CO₃(aq) → H₂O(l) + CO₂(g) + 2NaCl(aq)
We can see there is a 1:1 molar ratio between HCl and CO₂. This means the number of moles of HCl is also 0.3885 mol. Now we can calculate the concentration of HCl in the 547 mL solution by using the number of moles and the volume in liters (0.547 L):
Concentration of HCl = Moles of HCl ÷ Volume of solution in liters
Concentration of HCl = 0.3885 mol ÷ 0.547 L = 0.7102 M
Therefore, the concentration of the HCl solution is 0.7102 M.
If 7.400 g C 6 H 6 is burned and the heat produced from the burning is added to 5691 g of water at 21 ∘ C, what is the final temperature of the water?
The question is incomplete, the complete question is
The following equation is the balanced combustion reaction for C6H6
[tex]2C_6H_6(l)+15O_2(g) \rightarrow 12CO_2(g)+6H_2O(l)+6542 kJ[/tex]
If 7.400 g of [tex]C_6H_6[/tex] is burned and the heat produced from the burning is added to 5691 g of water at 21°C. What is the final temperature of the water?
Answer:
34.45°C is the final temperature of the water.
Explanation:
Moles of benzene = [tex]\frac{7.400 g}{78 g/mol}=0.09487 mol[/tex]
According to reaction, 2 moles of benzene on combustion gives 6542 kJ of heat. Then 0.09487 moles of benzene will give:
[tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 6542 kJ\times 0.09487 mol=310.325 kJ[/tex]
Heat added to water = Q = 310.325 kJ = 310,325 J
(1 kJ = 1000 J)
Specific heat of water = C = [tex]4.18 J/g^oC[/tex]
Mass of the water = m = 5691 g
Initial temperature of the water =[tex]T_1[/tex] = 21°C
Final temperature of the water =[tex]T_2[/tex] =?
Change in temperature of the substance =ΔT =[tex]T_2-T_1[/tex]
[tex]Q=mc\times \Delta (T_2-T_1)[/tex]
[tex]310,325 J=5691 g\times 4.18 J/g^oC\times (T_2-21^oC)[/tex]
[tex]T_2=34.45^oC[/tex]
34.45°C is the final temperature of the water.
Answer:
The final temperature of the water is 34.0 °C
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of C6H6 burned = 7.400 grams
Mass of water = 5691 grams
Temperature of water = 21 °C
Specific heat of water = 4.184 K/g°C
2C6H6+15O2→12CO2+6H20+6542KJ
Heat released with combustion of C6H6 = 6542KJ
Step 2: Calculate moles of C6H6
Moles C6H6 = mass C6H6 / molar mass C6H6
Moles C6H6 = 7.400 grams / 78.11 g/mol
Moles C6H6 = 0.09474
Step 3: Calculate heat transfered
Q = 0.09474 moles * 6542 kJ/2 mol = 309.89 kJ
Step 3: Calculate finam temperature
Q = m * c * ΔT
⇒ with Q = the heat transfered =309.9 kJ = 309890 J
⇒ with m = the mass of water = 5691 grams
⇒ with c = the specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g°C
⇒ with ΔT = The change in temperature
ΔT = Q /(m*c)
ΔT = 309890 / ( 5691 * 4.184)
ΔT =13.0 °C
Step 4: Calculate the final temperature
T2 = T1 + ΔT
T2 = 13.0 + 21.0°C
T2 = 34.0 °C
The final temperature of the water is 34.0 °C
Describe what subatomic particle is involved in light emission.
Please help
Answer: Photons
Explanation: These are packet of light. These subatomic particles have no electrical charge and rest mass. Photons are also considered as field particles in which they are to be carriers of electromagnetic fields.