Chemistry College

Apply the given electronegativities to each bond in the examples below to see which are polar and which are nonpolar. Multiple bonds are treated the same as single bonds.
H-O-H
O-C-O
H-C-N

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

H-O-H  polar

O-C-O nonpolar

H-C-N   polar

Explanation:

Looking up the electronegativities of the atoms involved in this question, we have:

Atom   Electronegativity

H               2.2

C               2.55

N               3.04

O               3.44

All of the atoms differ in electronegativity resulting in individual dipole moments in H-O, O-C, H-C and C-N bonds. To find if the molecules will be polar we need to consider the structure of the compound to see if there is a resultant dipole moment.

In H-O-H, we have 2 lone pairs of electrons around the central oxygen atom which push the angle H-O-H  of the ideal tetrahedral structure to be smaller than 109.5 º  resulting in an overall dipole moment making it polar.

In O-C-O, we have two dipole moments that exactly cancel each other in the linear molecule  since the central carbon atom does not have lone pairs of electrons since it  has 2 double bonds. Therefore the molecule is nonpolar.

In H-C-N, again we have have a central carbon atom without lone pairs of electrons and the shape of the molecule is linear. But, now we have that the dipole moment in C-N is stronger than the H-C dipole because of the difference in electronegativity of nitrogen compared to hydrogen. The molecule has an overall dipole moment and it is polar.

Answer 2

Answer:

H-O-H is polar

O-C-O is non polar

H-C-N is polar

Explanation:

H-O-H

The electronegativity value of H is 2.1 and the Electronegavity value for O is 3.5 which makes the electronegativity difference of 1.4. O has 2 lone pair of electrons which makes the shape non- linear and polar.

O-C-O

The bond between C and O is a double bond. The Electronegativity of O is 3.5 while the Electronegativity value for C is 2.5 which gives the electronegativity difference of 1.0. There are no lone pairs on carbon and the dipole or partial charges on carbon and oxygen cancels out making O-C-O non-polar.

H-C-N

The Electronegativity value of H is 2.1, electronegativity value for C is 2.5 and the electronegativity value for N is 3.0 which makes the molecule to develop partial positive charge on H and partial negative charge on the C-N making the compound polar.

Related Questions

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If you measure the rate constant for a reaction at different temperatures, you can calculate the overall enthalpy change for the reaction. Exothermic reactions are faster than endothermic reactions. If you double the temperature for a reaction, you cut the activation energy in half.

Answers

Answer:

False, False, False

Explanation:

Indicate whether each statement is true or false.

If you measure the rate constant for a reaction at different temperatures, you can calculate the overall enthalpy change for the reaction. FALSE. The relation between the rate constant (k) and the activation energy (Ea) is given by the Arrhenius equation, that is, k depends on the Ea, but not on the enthalpy (ΔH).Exothermic reactions are faster than endothermic reactions. FALSE. Whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic is defined by the sign of the enthalpy. However, as stated previously, the rate constant (and the rate reaction) do not depend on the enthalpy of the reaction.If you double the temperature for a reaction, you cut the activation energy in half. FALSE. The activation energy does not depend on the temperature.

When the rate constant should be determined so we cannot calculate the enthalpy change.

The Exothermic reactions should not be faster.

Indication of the statement:

here the relationship that lies between the rate constant and the activation energy that should be provided by the Arrhenius equation should be based on the Ea.

In the case when the reaction should be considered as the exothermic so it represent the sign of the enthalpy.

Also, the activation energy does not based upon the temperature.

learn more about temperature here: https://brainly.com/question/20510182

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