Acetate has a/an ________ shaped cross section

Answers

Answer 1
When an acetate fiber is cut and is seen under a microscope, the cross section is crenulated shaped. Crenulated shaped cross section is a resultant effect when the external part of the cellular solution solidifies first than the interior of the acetate fiber when taken out rapidly out the acid bath.
Answer 2

Acetate has a planar shaped cross section due to its resonance hybrid structure, where the negative charge is equally distributed between the two oxygen atoms, each with a bond order of 1 1/2.

Acetate, a common anion found in many biological and chemical systems, has a planar shaped cross section. This is inferred from its 3D structure based on X-ray crystallographic studies and resonance stabilization. The acetate anion, with the formula CH3COO-, has two carbon-oxygen (C-O) bonds that are identical in length at 126 pm, which indicates a resonance hybrid structure.

This bond length is between the length of a C=O double bond and a C-O single bond, implying that both bonds have a bond order of 1 1/2. In this structure, the negative charge is delocalized and equally distributed between the two oxygen atoms, each carrying a charge of -1/2.

The cross-section, or the shape visible when looking at one end of a part of a structure, of a molecule like acetate, which has equivalent bonds, is consistently planar. This planarity results from the resonance forms, where the charge is not localized but spread over the molecule, enhancing its stability and influencing its shape. Acetate's molecular configuration contrasts with nonresonant structures, where the negative charge might be more localized, leading to different molecular shapes.

Chemical properties and molecular structures are closely linked, as demonstrated by different molecules like acetic acid and methyl formate, which, despite having the same molecular formula, display unique structures and chemical behaviors.


Related Questions

Which list correctly shows carbohydrates in size from smallest to largest

Answers


Tips: mono (means one), di (two), and poly (multiple)

Answer:

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Explanation:

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

Answers

The answer to the question is hormones. Hormones are unique molecules that the body produces to chemically regulate certain parts of the body. For instance, testosterone is a hormone important for physiological development in humans, an especially important hormone for males.
Final answer:

The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce hormones, which are chemical substances that regulate various functions in the body. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and affect cells that have receptors for them, resulting in widespread and long lasting effects. Major endocrine glands include the adrenal glands, thyroid, pituitary, and others.

Explanation:

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones. These glands include the adrenal glands, which produce hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine that regulate responses to stress, and the thyroid gland, which produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolic rates. Hormones are released into body fluids, usually blood, which carries them to their target cells where they elicit a response.

The endocrine glands secrete hormones into the surrounding interstitial fluid; those hormones then diffuse into the blood and are carried to various organs and tissues within the body. The endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, pineal, and pancreas.

In contrast to neurotransmitters, hormones are not released in close proximity to cells with their receptors but are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body, affecting any cells that contain receptors for them. As a result, while neurotransmitters' effects are localized, the effects of hormones are widespread and slower to take effect but tend to be longer lasting.

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Name the functional group that links two monosaccharides in a disaccharide

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Final answer:

A glycosidic bond is the functional group that links two monosaccharides in a disaccharide. This bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction between two monosaccharides. Examples of substances formed this way include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.

Explanation:

The functional group that links two monosaccharides in a disaccharide is called a glycosidic bond. This bond is formed when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis or dehydration reaction. During this reaction, the hydroxyl group of one monosaccharide combines with a hydrogen atom of another monosaccharide. This process releases a water molecule and forms a covalent bond known as a glycosidic bond, linking the two sugar molecules. Important examples of disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, and maltose, each consisting of specific monosaccharides linked through glycosidic bonds.

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Which of the following organs is not part of the alimentary canal?

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The alimentary canal of the body consists of the organs through which food passes. Namely, these organs are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the rectum. The organs are listed in order by which food passes through them.

Other organs work in conjunction with these organs to assist the digestion of foods. For example, the liver, gall bladder and pancreas all provide substances such as enzymes to help digest the food that is present in the alimentary canal, but they themselves are not part of the canal.
Final answer:

The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs like the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, while vital to digestion, are not part of the alimentary canal.

Explanation:

The organs that make up the alimentary canal include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. On the other hand, accessory structures or accessory digestive organs, which aid in the breakdown of food but are not part of the alimentary canal, include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Therefore, the following organs are not part of the alimentary canal: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

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How does human evolution or natural selection relate to the susceptibility of disease?

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Human evolution or natural selection means that our ancestors of up  to 3 million years ago in their various strains of say australopithecus or even Neanderthal man would be selected to flourish if they could resist disease better than say other strains of homo sapiens. An example of a case where foreign disease wss introduced was when the Spanish conquistadores came to Peru they brought smallpox which decimated the population or in British Columbia it was deliberately introduced to remove resistance to gold mining in the BC interior. The Incas and the BC First Nations simply had no immunity to the disease having had no contact with it before.

The ________ of exercise determines whether carbohydrates or fat is the predominant source of energy production

Answers

The correct term to fill in the blank would be intensity. The intensity of exercise determines whether carbohydrates or fat is the predominant source of energy production. During high-intensity workouts, it is the fat that is used as the source of energy production while low-intensity exercises would only use the carbohydrates present for energy.

Exercise intensity dictates whether the body uses carbohydrates or fat as its main energy source, with low-intensity exercise favoring fat and high-intensity exercise favoring carbohydrates due to the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways involved.

The exercise intensity determines whether carbohydrates or fat is the predominant source of energy production. During low-intensity activities, the body primarily uses aerobic metabolism, which is efficient at producing large amounts of ATP, and fat is the primary energy source. For high-intensity activities, where more ATP is needed quickly, the muscles rely on both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism, with carbohydrates being consumed more rapidly for immediate energy.

Fatty acids are favored during low-intensity exercise due to their abundant storage in the body, while glucose is primarily used during high-intensity activity, which relies more on anaerobic metabolism due to the limited oxygen available. However, the body's glycogen stores (from which glucose is derived) can be depleted, leading to fatigue.

It's important to note that even though fat reserves provide a more substantial energy source for prolonged exercise, carbohydrates are still utilized and are essential for shorter, more explosive movements where quick energy is necessary.

Under what metabolic conditions is pyruvate converted to acetyl coa

Answers

All together for pyruvate, the result of glycolysis, to enter the following pathway, it must experience a few changes to end up acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). Acetyl CoA is a particle that is additionally changed over to oxaloacetate, which enters the citrus extract cycle. 

Roughly speaking, patent law covers __________ and __________ law protects an author's original books.

Answers

Roughly speaking, patent law covers __________ and __________ law protects an author's original books.
Original Intentive Creations & Copyright 
Final answer:

Patent law covers inventions and copyright protects books, songs, and art. Trade secrets are also a form of intellectual property protection.

Explanation:

Roughly speaking, patent law covers inventions and copyright protects books, songs, and art. In certain areas, like the invention of new software, it has been unclear whether patent or copyright protection should apply. There is also a body of law known as trade secrets. Even if a company does not have a patent on an invention, competing firms are not allowed to steal their secrets. One famous trade secret is the formula for Coca-Cola, which is not protected under copyright or patent law, but is simply kept secret by the company.

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen. which physiological changes that naturally occur in the body reduce hemoglobin\'s affinity for oxygen?

Answers

Final answer:

Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen decreases with higher carbon dioxide levels and lower blood pH, higher body temperatures, and in conditions like sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, which alter the red blood cells' structure or hemoglobin content.

Explanation:

Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen can be reduced by several physiological changes in the body. High levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) lead to increased production of hydrogen ions, which decreases blood pH. This condition, known as acidosis, causes oxygen to dissociate more readily from hemoglobin, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. Similarly, an increase in body temperature, often a result of increased muscular activity, also reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. Certain diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, negatively affect red blood cells' shape or hemoglobin levels, thereby reducing their oxygen-carrying capacity.

"which of the bones of the skull would you most associate with hearing and balance"

Answers

Temporal bones are the bones of the skull which are most associate with hearing and balance.

Skull is made up of many types of bones, temporal bones are one of them. These bones are present at the base and sides of the skull. Temporal bones consist of many parts, as these bones are present at the side of the head so that’s why they are associated with hearing. They are also known as house the structure of ear.

If a dihybrid F1 plant is self fertilized, what proportion of progeny will have the same phenotype as the F1 parent? What proportion will be true-breeding? What proportion will be heterozygous at one or both loci?

Answers

 If a dihybrid F1 plant, self-fertilizes, the F2 progeny will have two types of phenotypes. One would be the dominant trait phenotype for both the alleles, which would be possessed by 3/4th of the population.
Other would be recessive trait phenotype for both the alleles, which would be possessed by 1/4th of the population. 
One fourth of the population would be true-breeding for the dominant traits.
Half of the population would be heterozygous for both traits and would have dominant phenotype
Rest one-fourth population would be homozygous for both recessive traits

A 43-year-old female presents to the physician for an ulcer of the right ankle. patient also has diabetes mellitus. what icd-10-cm code(s) should be reported?

Answers

The icd-10-cm codes that should be reported are 707.13 and 250.00.

 

To add, in the ICD-9-CM Index to Diseases, look for Ulcer/lower extremity/ankle which refers you to code 707.13. Under subcategory code 707.1, there is a note: Code, if applicable, any casual condition first. The scenario does not have a causal relationship between the ulcer and diabetes (example, ulcer due to the diabetes). The two codes will be coded separately. The code for a diabetic manifestation is not reported because there is no causal relationship. Look in the Index to Diseases for Diabetes, diabetic 250.0x. In the Tabular List, a fifth digit of 0 is selected for diabetes with no mention of complication.

How can the order of three linked genes (a, b, and

c.on the same chromosome be determined?

Answers

C it's correct the answer

In William Blake's poem "The Chimney Sweeper," the metaphor "coffins of black" represents___.

A. Innocence
B. Chimneys
C. Daffodils
D. The Tiger

Answers

it represents innocence, since the speaker in the poem is sold as a slave.

why was it important for mendel to study such a large sample of pea plants to determine the probability of inheritance

Answers

If he studied a small sample it wouldn't be a representative sample. since he got such a large sample there is a chance most likely all organisms follow the rules of evolution.

Answer:

To avoid any sampling and handling errors and to get the accurate results.

Explanation:

Large sample size in any experiment increases the accuracy of results.

The large sample size in the experiments of Mendel ruled out the possibility of any error caused by handling and sampling. This increased the accuracy of the statistical calculations. The large sample size prevents the effect of any chance errors on the results.

Which preservative has been found to be potentially carcinogenic in animals?

Answers

The answer to this question is nitrates. Nitrate is a compound that is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrates are used as a preservatives in food, can be used as fertilizer, an ingredient to make gunpowder, and also an ingredient in making explosives or bomb.

How does ATP supply energy for cellular activities?

Answers

ATP releases energy by breaking down the weak phosphate cell present.  The energy released due to the breaking down of the phosphate cell is then utilized. The ATP is converted to ADP. When a cell feels the necessity for energy it releases a phosphate to gather the energy. It is an automatic and ongoing process. 
First of all 
1) The cellular activities are provided by adenosine triphosphate molecules 
2) ATP is one of the adenosine  molecules, out of three phosphate groups.
3) The energy can be released by breaking down the ATP adenosine diphosphate also known as ADP 

Hope this help :) 

The type of nuclear division that leads to the formation of haploid gametes in both males and females

Answers

The type of nuclear division that leads to the formation of haploid gametes in both males and females is called meiosis.

In meiosis the gametes will only have half of the origin cells genes. That's why it called haploid. It different with mitosis where the result is diploid(paired chromosome).

The relationship between the bee and the bacteria living in the bee's gut can be classified as _______.

Answers

The relationship is classified as MUTUALISM. Mutualism is a kind of biological relationship between two organisms in which the two of them benefits from the activity of each other. In the case of the bee and the bacteria inside its gut, the bacteria helps the bee to metabolise its food while getting its own nutrients in the process. 

Why does muscle account for such a large portion of your body mass?

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Muscle is the part of the body that is attached to the bones and are responsible mostly for body's locomotion. There are three types of which: (1) skeletal, (2) cardiac, (3) smooth. 

This part of the body is compact and thus has a greater density because it occupies larger mass for a given volume. 

                         density = mass / volume

Because it has great density then, the mass is also large. Thus, this accounts for a large portion of the body mass. 

"a simple scoring model for project evaluation requires":

Answers

Final answer:

The correct option is: score values assigned to each criterion in terms of its rating. A simple scoring model for project evaluation involves assigning weights and scores to various criteria, followed by multiplying these to arrive at a total score for each option. This method provides a quantitative basis for comparing and deciding on projects or options.

Explanation:

The simple scoring model for project evaluation elaborated upon involves several steps to ensure a comprehensive assessment. Initially, each criterion is assigned an importance weight ranging from 1 (least important) to 10 (most important) or could be expressed as a percentage out of 100. This flexibility allows evaluators to differentiate the significance of various criteria accurately. It is also mentioned that criteria can share the same weight, providing further adaptability in the evaluation process.

Following weight assignment, options are scored according to their performance against each criterion. These scores mirror the assigned weights in terms of scale, allowing for a nuanced assessment of how well each option aligns with the criteria. The next step involves multiplying the weight by the score for each criterion, which then adds up to yield a total score. This aggregated score forms the basis for decision-making, enabling evaluators to quantitatively assess the merits of different options or projects.

In a more specific scenario, such as a student project, the distribution of points among criteria is predetermined, guiding students on what aspects are crucial for achieving a higher grade. The flexibility of scoring and weighting allows for a customized evaluation that can adapt to various projects' unique demands and objectives.

Is a fat replacer used in food processing that can bind to fat-soluble vitamins and thereby reduce their absorption?

Answers

OLESTRA is a fat replacer used in food processing that can bind to fat soluble vitamins and thereby reduce their absorption. As a fat substitute, olestra does not add fat, calories or cholesterol to products. It is normally used in the preparation of high fat foods in order to lower their fat contents. 

The release of fsh and lh from gonadotropes in the adenohypophysis is separately controlled by the same hypothalamic releasing hormone, gnrh. how is it possible to organize their secretion during the menstrual cycle?

Answers

The release of FSH hormone and LH varies during the menstrual cycle. During the menstrual cycle, the GnRH amplitude and pulse frequency change regularly. Changes in the GnRH pulse frequency are control by circulating levels of oestrogen and progestins. Oestrogen increases the GnRH pulse frequency level while progestin reduces it. Each group of cells are sensitive to specific GnRH pulse frequency and response only to that particular frequency.

Why are antimicrobial drugs of limited usefulness in bacillus anthracis infections?

Answers

Antimicrobial drugs are of limited usefulness because MOST STRAIN OF B. ANTHRACIS ARE RESISTANT TO A WIDE VARIETY OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS. Bacillus anthracis is gram positive bacteria which exists in two forms; vegetable and spores form. It is an agent of bio-warfare because of its ability to kill quickly. 

Human beings are somewhat unusual among primates in the length of their life span beyond their productive years. this may have provided an adaptive advantage over the course of evolution and is known as ____.​

Answers

Human beings are somewhat unusual among primates in the length of their life span beyond their productive years. This may have provided an adaptive advantage over the course of evolution and is known as grandmother effect. This effect occurs when a grandmother takes care of children beyond her menopausal age, around 40 to 50 years old and is able to outlive the production years of her life. It provided the grandmother a chance to live more by taking care of her grandchildren to free her children from other tasks. It is an evolutionary phase for the woman who are past their menopausal change aside from the long term marriage from their partners. That is why, grandmothers tend to live more years compared to grandfathers.

Sleep reactivates recent experiences stored in the ________ and shifts them for permanent storage in the cortex.

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Sleep reactivates recent experiences stored in the hippocampus and shifts them for permanent storage in the cortex. The hioppocampus is the portion of the brain that is responsible of storing of the long-term memory which would include the experiences and the pas t knowledge. It is located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. As one sleeps, the brain would sort of replay everything that happened that day. At this time, the hippocampus and the neocortex would communicate with each other to make and store those memories. From researches, it was said that the activity of the hippocampus would increase when an individual is in a slow-wave sleep.

for what reasons would a eukaryotic cell evolve an endoplasmic reticulum and a golgi apparatus?

Answers

The domain containing all organisms with eukaryotic cells is the Domain Eukarya. There are only three domains; the Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Domain Eukarya came from the first prokaryotic cells billions of years ago. In the cytoplasm, ribsomal RNA (rRNA), a type of RNA, and protein combine to form a nucleoprotein called a ribosome. The ribosome serves as the site and carries the enzymes necessary for protein synthesis. They are often takes the shape of small round particles attached in the endoplasmic reticulum. The ribosome attaches itself to m-RNA and provides the stabilizing structure to hold all substances in position as the protein is synthesized. Several ribosomes may be attached to a single RNA at any time

Bias can occur in sampling. bias refers to

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Bias can happen in sampling. The propensity of a sample statistic to systematically under- or over-approximate a population is referred to as bias.

 

 

To add, in statistics, sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others.

 

The following are some types of biases in Statistics:

 

Selection bias includes individuals being more likely to be chosen for study than others, biasing the sample. This can also be termed Berksonian bias

 

In statistical hypothesis testing, a test is said to be unbiased if for some alpha level (between 0 and 1), the probability the null is not accepted is less than or equal to the alpha level for the entire parameter space defined by the null hypothesis, while the probability the null is rejected is greater than or equal to the alpha level for the entire criterion space interpreted by the alternate hypothesis.

Bias in sampling refers to any tendency that prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question. In the context of surveys and sampling, bias can occur due to the wording of questions, the methodology of data collection, or the self-selection of survey respondents. For example, an internet survey might be biased if only certain groups of people choose to respond, or a question in a survey about organic food might elicit biased responses due to its phrasing.

Bias can significantly alter the outcomes of a survey or poll and thus needs to be minimized to ensure more accurate results. For instance, Kenneth Rasinky noted that the use of terms such as "assistance to the poor" instead of "welfare" can cause respondents to indicate stronger support, despite the terms having the same meaning. The selection of respondents (like with internet surveys) can also lead to bias if the sample is not representative of the population. In addition, crafting questions in a survey is crucial as biased questions might lead respondents toward a specific answer, like the flawed example of proving chocolate ice cream's popularity by asking respondents if they simply like the flavor. A more neutral and comprehensive approach in both language and methodology is necessary to reduce bias in surveys.

The deposit often shaped like a triangle that forms where a stream enters a larger body of water is a

Answers

The deposit often shaped like a triangle that forms where a stream enters a larger body of water is a:

Delta

A deficiency of iodine results in ________ in children.

Answers

A deficiency of iodine results in cretinism in children.

Iodine is needed by thyroid glands to make hormones. Deficiency in iodine will disrupt thyroid gland activity, resulting it works harder and the glands might be enlarged and causing hypothyroid. Thyroid glands is needed for growth, disruption in this gland will cause delayed growth (cretinism) 
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