A spherical seed of 1 cm diameter is buried at a depth of 1 cm inside soil (thermal conductivity of 1 Wm-1K-1) in a sufficiently large planter. There is a 1 cm thick layer of mulch (thermal conductivity of 2 Wm-1K-1) on top of the soil. The planter has top surface dimensions of 10 cm by 10 cm and is exposed to 200 Wm-2 of heat. You find the top surface temperature of the mulch (Ts,1) to be uniform at 50˚C. What is the surface temperature of the seed (Ts,2) in ˚C
Answers
Answer:
Find the attachment for the answer
Related Questions
Consider schedules S3, S4, and S5 below. Determine whether each schedule is
strict, cascadeless, recoverable, or nonrecoverable. (Determine the strictest
recoverability condition that each schedule satisfies.)
S3: r1 (X); r2 (Z); r1 (Z); r3 (X); r3 (Y); w1 (X); c1; w3 (Y); c3; r2 (Y); w2 (Z);
w2 (Y); c2;
S4: r1 (X); r2 (Z); r1 (Z); r3 (X); r3 (Y); w1 (X); w3 (Y); r2 (Y); w2 (Z); w2 (Y); c1;
c2; c3;
S5: r1 (X); r2 (Z); r3 (X); r1 (Z); r2 (Y); r3 (Y); w1 (X); c1; w2 (Z); w3 (Y); w2 (Y);
c3; c2;
Answers
Answer:
A schedule is strict if it satisfies the following conditions:
Tj reads a data item X after Ti has written to X and Ti is terminated means aborted or committed.
Tj writes a data item X after Ti has written to X and Ti is terminated means aborted or committed.
Explanation:
See attached image
Insulated Gas Turbine Air enters an adiabatic gas turbine at 1050 K and 1 MPa and leaves at 400 kPa. Kinetic and potential energy changes can be ignored. Treat the air as an ideal gas with constant specific heats. Let k = 1.4 a. Determine the theoretical exit temperature - corresponding to part "b" below, the maximum theoretical power output. b. Determine the maximum theoretical work output for the gas turbine in kJ/kg. c. If the isentropic turbine efficiency is 0.8, what is the actual work output of the turbine in kJ/kg?
Answers
Answer:A certain vehicle loses 3.5% of its value each year. If the vehicle has an initial value of $11,168, construct a model that represents the value of the vehicle after a certain number of years. Use your model to compute the value of the vehicle at the end of 6 years.
A certain vehicle loses 3.5% of its value each year. If the vehicle has an initial value of $11,168, construct a model that represents the value of the vehicle after a certain number of years. Use your model to compute the value of the vehicle at the end of 6 years.
Explanation:A certain vehicle loses 3.5% of its value each year. If the vehicle has an initial value of $11,168, construct a model that represents the value of the vehicle after a certain number of years. Use your model to compute the value of the vehicle at the end of 6 years.
A cylinder of length L would be made to carry a torque T with an angle of twist ɸ. There are two options considered: 1) hollowed cylinder with an inner radius that is equal to 0.9 of the outer radius, and 2) solid cylinder (with a different radius). If both options would be made from the same material and must have the same angle of twist ɸ under the torque T, find the ratio of the weight between the cylinder designed for option 1 and option 2.
Answers
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
To compare the hollow and solid cylinder we need ro use torsional formula.
And since same material and length are given.
For same torque and angle of twist there will be same polar moment of area of the section for both the cylinder.
Please kindly check attachment for further solution
Water vapor at 5 bar, 320°C enters a turbine operating at steady state with a volumetric flow rate of 1.825 m3/s and expands adiabatically to an exit state of 1 bar, 200°C. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine for the turbine: (a) the power developed, in kW. (b) the rate of entropy production, in kW/K. (c) the percent isentropic turbine efficiency.
Answers
Answer: (a).power developed = 776.1 kW
(b). Rate of entropy production = 1.023 kW/K
(c). efficiency = 63%
Explanation:
Let us carry a step by step process to solve this problem;
from the question we have that
P₁ = 5 bar
T₁ = 320°C
where V₁ = 0.5416 m³/Kg, S₁ = 7.5308 KJ/Kg-K and R₁ = 0.3105.6 KJ/Kg
the volumetric flow rate is given as (φ) = 1.825 m³/s
Remember that φ = ṁ V
where ṁ is the mass flowrate, and V is the volume
ṁ = φ/V = 1.825/0.5416 = 3.37 Kg/s
Also given for the Exit state;
P₂ = 1 bar
T₂ = 200°C
where V₂ = 0.5416 m³/Kg, S₂ = 7.5308 KJ/Kg-K and R₂ = 0.3105.6 KJ/Kg
(a). we are asked to determine the power developed in the Kw.
using the Flow energy equation to turbine we have;
ṁ(R₁ + V₁²/2 + gZ₁) + φ = ṁ(R₂ + V₂²/2 + gZ₂₂) + ш
canceling out terms from both steps we have that
ш = 3.37 (3105-2815.3) = 776.1 kW
Therefore the Power output is 776.1 kW
(b). The rate of entropy production in Kw/K.
Rate(en) = ṁ (S₂-S₁) = 3.37 (7.8343 - 7.5308)
Rate(en) = 1.023 kW/K
(c). The percent isentropic turbine efficiency.
Πt = (R₁-R₂) / (h₁ - h₂s)
Πt = (3105.6 - 2875.3) / (3105.6 - 2740) = 63%
Πt = 63%
cheers i hope this helped!!!!!
Derive an expression for the axial thrust exerted by a propeller if the thrust depends only on forward speed, angular speed, size, and viscosity and density ofthe fluid. How would the expression change if gravity were a relevant variable in the case of a ship propeller?
Answers
Answer:
Find the given attachment
An extruder barrel has a diameter of 4.22 inches and a length of 75 inches. The screw rotates at 65 revolutions per minute. The screw channel depth = 0.23 in, and the flight angle = 21.4 degrees. The head pressure at the die end of the barrel is 705 lb/in2. The viscosity of the polymer melt is given as 145 x 10-4 lb·sec/in2. Calculate the volume flow rate in in3/sec of the plastic through the barrel.
Answers
Answer:
volume flow rate Q = 53.23 in³/s
Explanation:
given data
diameter = 4.22 inches
length = 75 inches
screw rotates = 65 revolutions per minute
depth = 0.23 in
flight angle = 21.4 degrees
head pressure = 705 lb/in²
viscosity = 145 x [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] lb·sec/in²
solution
we get here volume flow rate of platstic in barrel that is express as
volume flow rate Q = volume flow rate of die - volume flow of extruder barrel ................1
here
volume flow rate extruder barrel is
flow rate = [tex]\frac{\pi \times 705 \times 4.22 \times 0.23\times sin21.4 }{12\times 145 \times 10^{-4}\times 75 }[/tex]
flow rate = 60.10
and
volume flow rate of die is express as
volume flow rate = 0.5 × π² × D² × Ndc × sinA × cosA .............2
put here value and w eget
volume flow rate = 0.5 × π² × 4.22² × 0.23 × 1 × sin21.4 × cos21.4
volume flow rate = 6.866
so put value in equation 1 we get
volume flow rate Q = 60.10 - 6.866
volume flow rate Q = 53.23
3-For the problems in this exercise, assume that there are no pipeline stalls and that the breakdown of executed instructions is as follows: a. In what fraction of all cycles is the data memory used b. In what fraction of all cycles is the input of the sign-extend circuit needed? c. What is this circuit doing in cycles in which its input is not needed?
Answers
Answer:
(a) 35% (b) 80% (c) Control signal is sent to a resource for activation of it's usage.
The operations are performed even in areas where it's not needed, it is ignored, because it is not used in cycles.
Explanation:
Solution
The computation of fraction is defined below:
(a) The data memory used in lw and sw instructions
Now,
The fraction value is = sw + lw
=10 + 25
= 35
therefore the fraction value is 35%
(b) The needed sign is extended for all other instructions other than ADD
which is shown below
The Fraction value = addi + beq + lw + sw
=20 +25+25+ 10 =80 %
The fraction value here is 80%
(c) Now, a control signal is been sent to resource for activation of it's usage.
The operations are carried out even in case where it's not needed, it is ignored, because it is not used in cycles.
Note: The complete question to this exercise is attached below.
The fraction of all cycles that is the data memory used is 35%.
The fraction of all cycles that is the input of the sign-extend circuit needed is 80%.The circuit is known to be sending a resource for activation of it's usage and it is also done in areas of the circuit where it's not needed and so it is left that way.What is a circuit ?A circuit is known to be a kind of closed loop via which electricity often pass through.
To solve for (a) which is the data memory that has been used in lw and sw instructions, you then add the value together:
That is: fraction value is = sw + lw
=10 + 25
So question A fraction value is 35%
To solve for me the required sign-extend circuit is depicted as:
The Fraction value = addi + beq + lw + sw
=20 +25+25+ 10 =80 %
The question (b) fraction value here is 80%
So therefore, the fraction value are 35 percent and 80 percent respectively
Learn more about circuit from
https://brainly.com/question/2969220
(a) Determine the temperature of the insulated walls. (b) Determine the net radiation heat rate from surface 2 per unit conduit length. 13.48 A long conduit is constructed with diffuse, gray walls 0.5 m wide. The top and bottom of the conduit are insulated. The emissivities of the walls are ε 1 = 0.45, ε 2 = 0.65, and ε 3 = 0.15, respectively, while the temperatures of walls 1 and 2 are 500 K and 700 K, respectively.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
the solution to the problem is given in the pictures attached. (b) is answered first then (a). I hope the explanation helps you.Thank you
Consider casting a concrete driveway 40 feet long, 12 feet wide and 6 in. thick. The proportions of the mix by weight are given as 1:2:3 for cement, sand, and gravel with w/c of 0.50. The specific gravities of sand and gravel are 2.60 and 2.70 respectively. Entrained air content is 7.5%. How many pounds of cement, water, sand, and gravel are needed for the driveway?
Answers
Answer:
Weight of cement = 10968 lb
Weight of sand = 18105.9 lb
Weight of gravel = 28203.55 lb
Weight of water = 5484 lb
Explanation:
Given:
Entrained air = 7.5%
Length, L = 40 ft
Width,w = 12 ft
thickness,b= 6 inch, convert to ft = 6/12 = 0.5 ft
Specific gravity of sand = 2.60
Specific gravity of gravel = 2.70
The volume will be:
40 * 12 * 0.5 = 240 ft³
We need to find the dry volume of concrete.
Dry volume = wet volume * 1.54 (concrete)
Dry volume will be = 240 * 1.54 = 360ft³
Due to the 7% entarained air content, the required volume will be:
V = 360 * (1 - 0.07)
V = 334.8 ft³
At a ratio of 1:2:3 for cement, sand, and gravel respectively, we have:
Total of ratio = 1+2+3 = 6
Their respective volume will be =
Volume of cement = [tex] \frac{1}{6}*334.8 = 55.8 ft^3 [/tex]
Volume of sand = [tex] \frac{2}{6}*334.8 = 111.6 ft^3 [/tex]
Volume of gravel = [tex] \frac{3}{6}*334.8 = 167.4 ft^3 [/tex]
To find the pounds needed the driveway, we have:
Weight = volume *specific gravity * density of water
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Weight of cement =
55.8 * 3.15 * 62.4 = 10968 pounds
Weight of sand =
111.6 * 2.60 * 62.4 = 18105.9 lb
Weight of gravel =
167.4 * 2.7 * 62.4 = 28203.55 lb
Given water to cement ratio of 0.50
Weight of water = 0.5 of weight of cement
= 1/2 * 10968 = 5484 lb
Water at 15°C is to be heated to 65°C by passing it over a bundle of 7-m-long, 1-cm-diameter resistance heater rods maintained at 90°C. Water approaches the heater rod bundle in normal direction at a mean velocity of 0.8 m/s. The rods are arranged in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of SL = 4 cm and ST = 3 cm. Determine the number of tube rows NL in the flow direction needed to achieve the indicated temperature rise.
Answers
Answer:
NL = 207
Explanation:
Solution
Now,
The mean temperature is measured as:
Tm = (T₁ - T₀)/2
= (15 + 65)/2
= 40°C
So,
we find all the thermo-physical properties of water from the table, that is properties of saturated water at T =40°C
Thermo conductivity, k = 0.631 W/m . K
Specific heat Cp = 4179 J/kg . K
Density р = 992. 1 kg/m³
The dynamic viscosity, μ = 0.653 * 10 ^⁻3 kg/m *s
Prandtl number, Pr = 4.32
At T = 15°C
рi = 992.1 kg/m³
At T = 90°C
Prandtl number, Prs = 1.96
Thus,
The maximum flow of velocity is known from the equation stated as:
Vmax = ST/ST - D *V
Here,
ST is refereed to as the transverse pitch for inline arrangements of the rods
so,
Vmax = 3/3-1 * 0.8
= 1.2 m/s
Now
The Reynolds number is determined from the equation given below
ReD =ρVmax D/μ
= 922.1 * 1.2 *(1 *10^⁻²)/ 0.653 * 10^⁻³
= 18231.55
From the table, The Nusselt number correlations fro cross flow over the tube banks for inline arrangement over the range of ReD is shown as
1000 - 2 * 10⁵
Now, the Nusselt number is determined by
NuD = 0.27ReD ^0.63 Pr^ 0.36 (Pr/Prs)^0.25
= 0.27 * (18231.55)^0.63 (4.32)^0.36 * (4.32/1.96)^0.25
=269.32
Then,
The convective transfer of heat water coefficient is determined from the equation shown by Diametral Nusselt Number
NuD =hD/k
So,
we re-write and solve for h
h = NuD * k/D
=269.32 * 0.631/(1 * 10 ^⁻2)
=16993.9 W/m² .K
Now,
The heat transfer surface area for a tube in a row is NT = 1
As = NT NLπDL
= 1*NL* π * (1 * 10^⁻2) * 4
= 0.1257NL
The logarithmic mean temperature of water is represented as
ΔTlm = Te - Ti/ln (Ts - Ti/Ts- Te)
= 65- 15/ln (90 -15/ 90 -65) = 45.51°C
Thus,
The rate of the heat transfer is determined from the equation shown below,
Q =hAsΔTlm
=16993.9 *0.1257 * NL* 45.51.......equation (1)
The mas flow rate of water is determined by the equation below
m =ρiAcV
= ρi * (STL) * V
= 999.1 8 ( 3* 10^⁻2 * 4) * 0.8
= 95.91 kg/s
The rate of heat transfer of water is determined by the equation below
Q = mcp (Te- Ti)
= 95.91 * 4179 * (65-15)
=20041146.72 W..........(Equation 2)
Now,
The number of tube rows in the direction flow is determined by measuring both equations 1 and 2 as
97219.61 NL = 20041146.72
NL =206.14
NL = 207
Therefore, the number of tube rows NL in the flow direction needed to achieve the indicated temperature rise is NL = 207
=
An airplane starts from rest, 6050 ft down a runway at uniform accelerationthen takes off with a speed of 150mi / h . It then climbs in a straight line with a uniform acceleration of 2 ft/s^ 2 until it reaches a constant speed of 195mi / h . How far has the plane traveled when it reaches this constant speed?
Answers
Given Information:
distance = s₁ = 6050 ft
velocity = v₁ = 0 mi/hr
velocity = v₂ = 150 mi/hr
velocity = v₃ = 195 mi/hr
Acceleration = a = 2 ft/s²
Required Information:
distance = s₂ = ?
Answer:
distance = s₂ = 14,399 ft
Explanation:
We know from the equations of motion,
v₃² = v₂² + 2a(s₂ - s₁)
We want to find out the distance s₂
2a(s₂ - s₁) = v₃² - v₂²
s₂ - s₁ = (v₃² - v₂²)/2a
s₂ = (v₃² - v₂²)/2a + s₁
First convert given velocities from mi/hr to ft/s
1 mile has 5280 feet and 1 hour has 3600 seconds
velocity = v₂ = 150*(5280/3600) = 220 ft/s
velocity = v₃ = 195*(5280/3600) = 286 ft/s
s₂ = (v₃² - v₂²)/2a + s₁
s₂ = (286² - 220²)/2*2 + 6050
s₂ = 33396/4 + 6050
s₂ = 8349 + 6050
s₂ = 14,399 ft
Therefore, the plane would have traveled a distance of 14,399 ft when it reaches a constant speed of 286 ft/s
A very long pipe of 0.05 m (r1) radius and 0.03 m thickness (r2 - r1) is buried at a depth of 2m (z) to transport liquid nitrogen. The pipe wall has a very low thermal conductivity of 0.0035 Wm- 1K-1 and receives a cooling power of 10 W/m to keep the liquid nitrogen at 77 K. If the thermal conductivity of the ground is 1 Wm-1K-1, what is the surface temperature of the ground
Answers
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
thermal conductivity is A measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat. Given two surfaces on either side of the material with a temperature difference between them, the thermal conductivity is the heat energy transferred per unit time and per unit surface area, divided by the temperature difference.
Please kindly check attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.
An air-conditioning system is to be filled from a rigid container that initially contains 5 kg of saturated liquid R-134a at 26 °C. The valve connecting this container to the air-conditioning system is now opened until the mass in the container is 0.5 kg, at which time the valve is closed. During this time, only liquid R-134a flows from the container. Presuming that the process is isothermal while the valve is open, determine the final quality of the R-134a in the container and the total heat transfer.
Answers
Answer:
x2 = 0.5056
Qin = 22.62Kj
Explanation:
Consider a 50 x 106 m3 lake fed by a polluted stream with a flow rate of 75 m3 /s and a pollutant concentration of 25.5 mg/L. There is also a sewage outfall that discharges 3.0 m3 /s of wastewater with a pollutant concentration of 125 mg/L. Stream and sewage wastes have a reaction rate coefficient of 5% per day. Find the steady-state (i.e., effluent) pollutant concentration and flow rate
Answers
Answer:
24.78 mg/L
Explanation:
The step-to-step explanation is written legibly with clear explanation in the diagram attached below.
Answer:
Answer: Input rate = 2.288 x 10⁶mg/s
Output rate =78 x 10³Cmg/s
Decay rate = 28.94 x 10 ⁵C mg/s
Explanation:
Assuming that complete and instantaneous mixing occurs in the lake, this implies that the concentration in the lake C is the same as the concentration of the mix leaving the lake Cm
Input rate = Output rate + KCV
Input rate = Q₁C₁ + QwCw
= (75.0m³/s x 25.5mg/L + 3.0m³/s x 125.0mg/L) x 10³L/m³
= 2.288 x 10⁶mg/s
Output rate = QmCm = (Q₁ +Qw)C
=(75 + 3.0)m³/s x Cmg/L x 10³L/m³ = 78 x 10³Cmg/s
Decay rate = KCV = 5/d x Cmg/L x 50 x 10⁶ x 10³L/m³
24 hr/d x 3600s/hr
= 28.94 x 10 ⁵C mg/s
So,
=2.288 x 10⁶ = 78 x 10³C + 28.94 x 10 ⁵C = 29.72 X 10⁵C
= 2.288 x 10⁶
29.72 X 10⁵ = 0.77 mg/l
C =
"From the earth to the moon". In Jules Verne’s 1865 story with this title, three men went to the moon in a shell fired from a giant cannon sunk in the earth in Florida.
(a) Find the minimum muzzle speed needed to shoot a shell straight up to an altitude equal to the 2 times earth’s radius RE.
(b) Find the minimum muzzle speed that would allow a shell to reach the height of the moon, 385,000 km, center of the earth to center of the moon
Answers
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
Kindly check the attached image below to get the step by step explanation to the above question.
A flexible pavement has a SN of 3.8 (all drainage coefficients are equal to 1.0). The initial PSI is 4.7 and the terminal serviceability is 2.5. The soil has a CBR of 9. The overall standard deviation is 0.40 and the reliability is 95%. The pavement is currently designed for 1800 equivalent 18-kip single-axle loads per day. If the number of 18-kip single-axle loads were to increase by 30%, by how many years would the pavement design life be reduced
Answers
Answer:
2.83 years
Explanation:
Please kindly see the attached file at thw attachment area for a detailed and step by step solution to the given problem.
g Two Standard 1/2" B18.8.2 dowel pins are to be installed in part B with an LN1 fit. The thickness of plate A is .750 +/- .005" The thickness of plate B is .750 +/- .005" The position tolerance of the clearance holes to one another is .014" The position tolerance of the precision holes to one another is .028" What is an appropriate MMC clearance hole diameter to allow the blocks to assemble?
Answers
Answer:
nmuda mudaf A certain vehicle loses 3.5% of its value each year. If the vehicle has an initial value of $11,168, construct a model that represents the value of the vehicle after a certain number of years. Use your model to compute the value of the vehicle at the end of 6 years.
Explanation:
Derive the stress strain relationship for each model A and model B. (5 points) b) Is model B equivalent to model A (same stress strain general equation)? If your answer is yes, express E1, E2, η1, and η2 in terms of E 0 1 , E 0 2 , η 0 1 , and η 0 2 . (5 points) c) If applicable, repeat the derivation in part (b) and express E 0 1 , E 0 2 , η 0 1 , and η 0 2 in terms of E1, E2, η1, and η2. (5 points) d) Derive the expression for stress relaxation for both these models and compare the expressions. How are they similar? How are they different? (15 points)
Answers
Answer:
See attached images
Water vapor at 100 psi, 500 F and a velocity of 100 ft./sec enters a nozzle operating at steady sate and expands adiabatically to the exit, where the pressure is 40 psia. If the isentropic nozzle efficiency is 95%, determine for the nozzle,
(a) the exit velocity of the steam in ft./sec, and
(b) the amount of entropy produced in BTU/ lbm R.
Answers
Answer:
a)exit velocity of the steam, V2 = 2016.8 ft/s
b) the amount of entropy produced is 0.006 Btu/Ibm.R
Explanation:
Given:
P1 = 100 psi
V1 = 100 ft./sec
T1 = 500f
P2 = 40 psi
n = 95% = 0.95
a) for nozzle:
Let's apply steady gas equation.
[tex] h_1 + \frac{(v_1) ^2}{2} = h_2 + \frac{(v_2)^2}{2} [/tex]
h1 and h2 = inlet and exit enthalpy respectively.
At T1 = 500f and P1 = 100 psi,
h1 = 1278.8 Btu/Ibm
s1 = 1.708 Btu/Ibm.R
At P2 = 40psi and s1 = 1.708 Btu/Ibm.R
1193.5 Btu/Ibm
Let's find the actual h2 using the formula :
[tex] n = \frac{h_1 - h_2*}{h_1 - h_2} [/tex]
[tex] n = \frac{1278.8 - h_2*}{1278.8 - 1193.5} [/tex]
solving for h2, we have
[tex] h_2 = 1197.77 Btu/Ibm [/tex]
Take Btu/Ibm = 25037 ft²/s²
Using the first equation, exit velocity of the steam =
[tex] (1278.8 * 25037) + \frac{(100)^2}{2}= (1197.77*25037)+ \frac{(V_2)^2}{2}[/tex]
Solving for V2, we have
V2 = 2016.8 ft/s
b) The amount of entropy produced in BTU/ lbm R will be calculated using :
Δs = s2 - s1
Where s1 = 1.708 Btu/Ibm.R
At h2 = 1197.77 Btu/Ibm and P2 =40 psi,
S2 = 1.714 Btu/Ibm.R
Therefore, amount of entropy produced will be:
Δs = 1.714Btu/Ibm.R - 1.708Btu/Ibm.R
= 0.006 Btu/Ibm.R
Convert 580,000 kW to [GW] with correct number of significant digits.
Answers
Answer:
[tex]x = 0.58\,GW[/tex]
Explanation:
The conversion is:
[tex]x = (580000\,kW)\cdot \left(\frac{1\,GW}{1000000\,kW} \right)[/tex]
[tex]x = 0.58\,GW[/tex]
A 3-phase stepping motor is to be used to drive a linear axis for a robot. The motor output shaft will be connected to a screw thread with a screw pitch of 1 mm. We want to be able to have a spatial control of at least 0.05 mm. a. How many poles should the motor have? b.How many pulses are needed from the controller every second to move the linear axis at a rate of 90 mm/sec?
Answers
The number of poles required for a 3-phase stepping motor to achieve 0.05 mm spatial control depends on the increments per revolution, which was not provided. To move the axis at 90 mm/sec, the pulses per second from the controller will be calculated based on the screw pitch and the number of increments per revolution. Additional information on the stepper motor is needed for precise calculations.
Explanation:To answer the student's questions regarding a 3-phase stepping motor for spatial control in a robotics application:
Poles of the motor: The number of poles in a stepper motor determines the resolution of movement. To achieve a spatial control of at least 0.05 mm with a screw pitch of 1 mm, the motor needs to have enough poles to allow for a fractional turn equal to that precision. Given that stepper motors can have a range of 5,000 to 10,000 increments in a 90-degree rotation, the exact number of poles required can be calculated based on the needed increments per mm.Pulses needed for motion: To move the axis at a speed of 90 mm/sec, the number of pulses required from the controller per second will depend on the revolutions per minute (rpm) the screw thread needs to turn, which is determined by the number of poles or increments per revolution of the motor. Generally, to calculate this, we would use the formula (speed in mm/sec) / (screw pitch in mm) * (number of increments per revolution), giving us the pulses per second.Without the specific number of increments per revolution of the stepping motor, it's impossible to provide an exact answer. However, typically stepper motors with more poles can provide finer control, and thus would be preferred in this application to meet the 0.05 mm spatial control requirement.
Consider the problem of oxygen transfer from the interior lung cavity, across the lung tissue, to the network of blood vessels on the opposite side. The lung tissue (species B) may be approximated as a plane wall of thickness L. The inhalation process may be assumed to maintain a constant molar concentration CA(0) of oxygen (species A) in the tissue at its inner surface (x = 0), and assimilation of oxygen by the blood may be assumed to maintain a constant molar concentration CA(L) of oxygen in the tissue at its outer surface (x = L). There is oxygen consumption in the tissue due to metabolic processes, and the reaction is zero order, with N_A=-k_0.
Obtain expressions for the distribution of the oxygen concentration in the tissue and for the rate of assimilation of oxygen by the blood per unit tissue surface area.
Answers
Answer:
See attached images
Refrigerant 22 flows in a theoretical single-stage compression refrigeration cycle with a mass flow rate of 0.05 kg/s. The condensing temperature is 48 oc, and the evaporating temperature is —16 oc. If the power input to the cycle is 2.5 kW, determine: (a) the work done by the compressor in kJ/kg, (b) the heat rejected from the condenser in kJ/kg, (c) the heat absorbed by the evaporator in kJ/kg, (d) the coefficient of performance, and (e) the refrigerating efficiency.
Answers
Answer:
a. The work done by the compressor is 447.81 Kj/kg
b. The heat rejected from the condenser in kJ/kg is 187.3 kJ/kg
c. The heat absorbed by the evaporator in kJ/kg is 397.81 Kj/Kg
d. The coefficient of performance is 2.746
e. The refrigerating efficiency is 71.14%
Explanation:
According to the given data we would need first the conversion of temperaturte from C to K as follows:
Temperature at evaporator inlet= Te=-16+273=257 K
Temperatue at condenser exit=Te=48+273=321 K
Enthalpy at evaporator inlet of Te -16=i3=397.81 Kj/Kg
Enthalpy at evaporator exit of Te 48=i1=260.51 Kj/Kg
b. To calculate the the heat rejected from the condenser in kJ/kg we would need to calculate the Enthalpy at the compressor exit by using the compressor equation as follows:
w=i4-i3
W/M=i4-i3
i4=W/M + i3
i4=2.5/0.05 + 397.81
i4=447.81 Kj/kg
a. Enthalpy at the compressor exit=447.81 Kj/kg
Therefore, the heat rejected from the condenser in kJ/kg=i4-i1
the heat rejected from the condenser in kJ/kg=447.81-260.51
the heat rejected from the condenser in kJ/kg=187.3 kJ/kg
c. Temperature at evaporator inlet= Te=-16+273=257 K
The heat absorbed by the evaporator in kJ/kg is Enthalpy at evaporator inlet of Te -16=i3=397.81 Kj/Kg
d. To calculate the coefficient of performance we use the following formula:
coefficient of performance=Refrigerating effect/Energy input
coefficient of performance=137.3/50
coefficient of performance=2.746
the coefficient of performance is 2.746
e. The refrigerating efficiency = COP/COPc
COPc=Te/(Tc-Te)
COPc=255/(321-255)
COPc=3.86
refrigerating efficiency=2.746/3.86
refrigerating efficiency=0.7114=71.14%
For the following circuit, V"#$=120∠30ºV.Redraw the circuit in your solution.a.(4) Calculate the total input impedance seen by the source. Express in rectangular form.b.(3) Calculate the input phasor current(express answer in polar form).c.(6) Using the voltage division, calculate the phasor voltages across each component. Express final answers in polar form.d.(6) Using current divider, calculate phasor currents through L1, and C1.Show all steps. Express final answers in polar form
Answers
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
Kindly check the attached images for the step by step explanation to the question
Logical variables: Running late? Complete the tunction RunningLate such that the logical variable on Time is true if no Traffic is true and gasEmpty is false. Ex >> n°Traffic = true ; >> gasEmpty-false; >onTime - Runninglate(noTraffic,gasEmpty) logical Your Function B Save C Reset EE MATLAB Documentation 1 function onTime - RunningLate (noTraffic,gasEmpty) 2 % complete the logical expression to the right of . using the variables n°Traffic and gasEmpty 4 onTime - 6 end Code to call your function C Reset 1 noTraffic true; gasEmpty true; 2 onTime-Runninglate(noTraffic, gasEmpty)
Answers
The function RunningLate returns true for the variable onTime when noTraffic is true and gasEmpty is false, which is achieved by the logical expression noTraffic && ~gasEmpty in MATLAB.
Explanation:The task is to complete the function RunningLate in MATLAB, which returns a logical variable onTime that is true if noTraffic is true and gasEmpty is false. The finished MATLAB code inside the function should be:
onTime = noTraffic && ~gasEmpty;This code uses the logical AND operator (&&) to check that there is no traffic, and the NOT operator (~) to check that the gas tank is not empty.
The journals in a high speed oil engine are 80 mm in diameter. and 40 mm long. The radial clearance is 0.060mm. Each supports a load of 9 kN when the shaft is rotating at 3600 rpm. The bearing is lubricated with SAE 40 oil supplied at atmospheric pressure and average operating temperature is about 65oC. Using Raimondi- Boyd charts analyze the bearing under steady state operation.
Answers
Answer: S = 0.284
Explanation:
Data: d = 80 mm;
l =40 mm;
c = 0.06 mm;
F = 9kN;
n = 3600rpm = 60 rps
SAE 40 oil
T= 65°C
Therefore:
p = F / ld
= 9 x1000 /40 x 80
= 2.813 MPa
μ = 30 cp at 65°C for SAE 40 oil
S = r^2 x μ x n / c^2 x p
S= ( 40 )^2 x 30*10^-3 x 60 / (0.06)^2 x 2.813*10^6
S = 2880 / 10,126.6
S = 0.284
l/d = ½,
h o /c = 0.38
ε = e /c = 0.62
h o = 0.38 x C
= 0.382 x 0.06
=0.023mm
= 23µm
e = 0.62 x C
= 0.62 x 0.06
= 0.037 mm
Viscosity temperature curves of SAE graded oils
(r /c) f = 7.5,
S = 0.284
l /d = ½
f = 7.5 x (c / r)
= 7.5x (0.06/40)
= 0.0113
"Design a sequential circuit with two T flip-flops A and B, and one input x. When x = 0, the circuit remains in the same state. When x = 1, the circuit goes through the state transitions from 00 to 01, to 10, to 11, back to 00, and repeats. What is the boolean equation of the input of flip-flop A (TA)? Type variables and operations without blanks."
Answers
Answer:
See attached images for the diagrams and tables
Air enters the first compressor stage of a cold air-standard Brayton cycle with regeneration and intercooling at 100 kPa, 300 K, with a mass flow rate of 6 kg/s. The overall compressor pressure ratio is 10, and the pressure ratios are the same across each compressor stage. The temperature at the inlet to the second compressor stage is 300 K. The temperature at the inlet to the turbine is 1400 K. The compressor stages and turbine each have isentropic efficiencies of 80% and the regenerator effectiveness is 80%.
For k = 1.4, calculate:
(A) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
(B) the back work ratio.
(C) the net power developed, in kW.
(D) the rates of exergy destruction in each compressor stage and the turbine stage as well as the regenerator, in kW, for T0 = 300 K.
Answers
A phase angle in the frequency domain corresponds to
a. the initial slope of the sinusoidal signal.
b. the angle at which measurements should be taken for the most accurate results.
c. a delay or advance in time as compared to a pure cosine wave.
d. the angle of the approach vector of the voltage.
Answers
Answer:
c. a delay or advance in time as compared to a pure cosine wave.
Explanation:
Electrical phase is measured in degrees, with 360° corresponding to a complete cycle. A sinusoidal voltage is proportional to the cosine or sine of the phase. Phase difference , also called phase angle , in degrees is conventionally defined as a number greater than -180, and less than or equal to +180.
The phase angle corresponds to delay or advance in time as compared to a pure cosine wave.
2.(10 pts)A proposed engine cycle employs an ideal gas and consists of the following sequence of transformations; a) Isothermal compression at 300 o K from a pressure of 1bar to a pressure of 30bar b) Constant pressure heating to a temperature of 1600 o K. c) Isothermal expansion at 1600 o K to the original pressure of 1 bar. d) Constant pressure cooling to a temperature of 300 o K to complete the cycle An ideal regenerator connects d) to b) so that the heat given up in d) is used for the heating in b). For an engine using a kilamole of gas find the net work in kJ and the thermal efficiency. You may assume C p
Answers
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
For ideal regeneration heat loss in cooling aqual to heat gain in compression so temperature Tb=Td as can be seen in the step by step solution in the attached images below.