A shift in police focus away from serving political bosses and toward serving the law was a characteristic of the:

Correct answer:  Read English

Details:

After slavery was ended in the United States and African Americans were to be considered full citizens, many states in the South implemented voting laws that were meant to block African Americans from actual voting access.  One of these measures compelled voters to prove to voting authorities that they could read and write in English.  The black community had less access to education than whites even after slavery was ended; thus their literacy rates were lower.  The authorities (who were white) administering the tests also were known to be biased in whether they considered a person to have passed the tests or not.

Poll taxes were another measure used to block the black vote.  African Americans experienced much poverty because of prejudice against them in the economic system of the country, so poll taxes could keep them from going to the polls to vote.  

"Grandfather clauses" were also implemented, which were exemptions granted to those whose forefathers ("grandfathers") had full voting rights prior to the Civil War.  That way, if there were poor or illiterate whites, they could vote freely while blacks (whose ancestors had been slaves) were subjected to the laws restricting their voting ability.  

These sorts of restrictions against black voters prompted much of the activism of the civil rights movement that began in the middle of the 20th century.

C.S. Lewis was 58 years old when he married Joy Davidman in 1956, showcasing a significant personal milestone that happened later in his life.

C.S. Lewis, a renowned British writer and academic, famously known for his works on Christian apologetics as well as the Chronicles of Narnia series, was quite advanced in years when he took a significant personal step in his life. Lewis got married to Joy Davidman in 1956. At the time of his marriage, C.S. Lewis was 58 years old, demonstrating that personal milestones do not adhere to a strict timeline and can happen at any stage in life.

The marriage of C.S. Lewis and Joy Davidman was both a source of great happiness and profound challenge for Lewis, particularly as Davidman battled with cancer. Their story, capturing both their love and struggles, has been depicted in various biographies and films, highlighting the deep connection and affection they shared irrespective of the late stage at which they began their marital journey together.

Their relationship signifies the importance of companionship, love, and understanding, transcending the often superficial constraints of age. Lewis's late marriage showcases a narrative of love found later in life, offering inspiration and a different perspective on personal relationships and happiness.

Flanking an opponent provides tactical advantages such as surprise, disruption of formation, and higher chances of success.

It leverages the element of surprise, weakens the opponent's defense, and increases the attacking force's effectiveness.

1. Element of Surprise:

  - Description: Attacking from the side can catch the opponent off guard.

  - Effect: This surprise can cause confusion and panic, leading to a breakdown in the opponent's coordination and morale.

2. Disrupting Formations:

  - Description: Flanking attacks target the sides of the enemy's formation, which are often less fortified.

  - Effect: This can disrupt the enemy's defensive lines, making it harder for them to mount an effective counterattack.

3. Avoiding Strong Defenses:

  - Description: A head-on attack often faces the opponent's strongest defenses.

  - Effect: By attacking from the side, the attacking force can avoid heavily fortified positions, reducing casualties and increasing the likelihood of success.

4. Psychological Impact:

  - Description: Being attacked from an unexpected direction can have a demoralizing effect on the opponent.

  - Effect: This can lower the opponent's fighting spirit and cause disarray within their ranks, making them easier to defeat.

5. Encircling the Enemy:

  - Description: Flanking can be part of a broader strategy to encircle the opponent.

  - Effect: Encirclement can cut off the enemy's retreat and supply lines, leading to their eventual surrender or destruction.

By leveraging these advantages, an army can increase its effectiveness, reduce its own casualties, and achieve a decisive victory over its opponent.

The Crittenden Compromise purpose was to resolve the secession problems of 1860–1861. On December 18, 1860, Senator John J. Crittenden had the idea of addressing and resolving the fears and complaints about slavery. He had no success in doing so.  The Crittenden compromise included four Congressional resolutions and six constitutional amendments.

Wilmot Proviso intention was to forbid slavery in new territories acquired from Mexico by the US. The Compromise of 1850 consisted of five separate bills passed by the U. S. Congress, which calmed confrontation and differences between slave and free states on the topic of slavery in the territories recently acquired as a result of the Mexican–American War. His proposal did not pass in Congress

Both compromises had good intentions to find solutions and avoid problems to fester. Unfortunately, they were not successful. Personal interest and lack of vision obstructed a possible resolution.

People don't need to elaborate much on this question. These could be as basic as the freedom of speech or the ability to vote for particular public office holders. Really, just come up with a few liberties and explain why you believe so in a line or two.

The United States Constitution is the governing document of the United States, and a state constitution is the governing document of a U.S. state. Each state has a constitution that governs it.

Unlike the federal Constitution, which has a narrower jurisdiction and is revised less frequently, state constitutions vary in length and scope. Comparable to federal constitutional study is state constitutional research.

The state's fundamental law is, by definition, the state constitution. With the obvious exception of federal restrictions, it is judicially enforceable as the state's supreme law and supersedes all other laws and administrative decisions.

Thus, People don't need to elaborate much on this question.

For more information about state constitution, click here

https://brainly.com/question/13999176

#SPJ6

Thomas Paine was a political activist and writer who played a crucial role in the American Revolution. He used his writings to persuade Americans to fight for their independence from Great Britain.

Thomas Paine helped the war effort in a number of ways, including:

1. Writing "Common Sense" pamphlet.

2. Writing "The Crisis" essays.

3. Paine used his writings to encourage Americans to enlist in the Continental Army and fight for their country. He believed that it was important for every citizen to take an active role in the war effort.

4. Paine also worked to raise funds for the war effort by appealing to the generosity of wealthy Americans. He believed that the war was essential for the future of the country, and that everyone should contribute in whatever way they could.

Therefore, Thomas Paine had immense contribution during the American Revolution.

To learn more on Thomas Paine, here:

https://brainly.com/question/30636571

#SPJ6

Final answer:

The Spanish-American War marked the United States' expansion as a colonial power, acquiring territories like Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, which led to increased U.S. influence in international affairs and prompted debates on American imperialism.

Explanation:

Following the Spanish-American War, the United States experienced significant territorial expansion and became a colonial power. The U.S. gained possession of the former Spanish territories of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and several other islands. Cuba was granted nominal independence in 1902, while Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S. territories to this day. The Philippines also eventually became independent. This era marked America's emergence as a significant influence in international affairs and signified its capability as a military power. The acquisitions aided the U.S. in expanding its strategic military positioning and commercial interests, presenting a new set of political and ethical questions regarding the extension of democracy to these new territories.

With this territorial gain, American businesses and organized crime syndicates expanded their reach, particularly in Cuba where the sugar industry and entertainment sectors saw significant U.S. investment. However, the U.S. influence was not without contention, as debates ensued over the fate of the new territories, with figures like William Jennings Bryan opposing American imperialism and others like William McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt advocating for expansion.

The Second Amendment has been the subject of debate and court rulings, such as in District of Columbia v. Heller and McDonald v. City of Chicago, which affirmed the right to individual gun ownership, while United States v. Miller addressed federal regulations on firearms within the context of supporting a well-regulated militia.

One notable case involving the Second Amendment is District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), where the Supreme Court upheld the individual's right to own guns, finding D.C.'s handgun ban unconstitutional. Another significant case is McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010), where the right to keep and bear arms was found to be protected against the states by the Fourteenth Amendment. Furthermore, the United States v. Miller (1939) case dealt with the National Firearms Act and the federal government's power to regulate guns, which does not violate the Second Amendment as long as it supports a well-regulated militia.

The ongoing debate questions whether the Second Amendment guarantees a collective right or an individual right to possess firearms. With changes in weapon technology and political climate since the 18th century, the interpretation of the Second Amendment continues to evolve through court rulings and scholarly debate.

It was George Washington.

Final answer:

The slave owner who freed his slaves in his will was George Washington.

Explanation:

George Washington, the first President of the United States, took a historic step by emancipating his slaves in his will in 1799. This compassionate decision showcased his commitment to the ideals of freedom and equality, despite his participation in a society that condoned slavery. Washington's testament stipulated that his slaves would gain freedom upon Martha Washington's death, acknowledging the moral complexities of slave ownership.

This act demonstrated a personal acknowledgment of the contradiction between the fight for liberty during the American Revolution and the institution of slavery, marking Washington as a key figure in the complex history of America's struggle with human bondage.

David Sedaris uses descriptive diction, sensory detail, informal and conversational tone, and an awareness of the rhetorical situation to establish a humorous tone in the first two paragraphs of his works. He creates vivid, often unexpected scenarios enhanced with dialogue to elicit laughter, also consciously meeting or challenging conventional writing expectations for added comedic effect.

David Sedaris establishes a humorous tone in the first two paragraphs through his use of descriptive diction and sensory detail. Combining these narrative techniques, Sedaris creates vivid images and scenarios that are unusual and therefore, comedic. Furthermore, his informal, conversational tone contributes to the humor. Illustrated through dialogue, this tone of voice is friendly and easygoing rather than formally academic, helping the reader engage with the text more directly. To maintain and enhance the humor, Sedaris consciously meets or challenges conventional writing expectations in rhetorically effective ways, which creates surprising and delightful twists for the reader. For example, he could start the story because of an unexpected situation or use dialogue that underscores the irony in a situation. At the same time, Sedaris partakes in a constant awareness of the rhetorical situation, including the narrator, message, audience, purpose, context, and culture. This implies that every humorous detail is carefully selected and curated, not simply dropped into the text for mere comic effect. Overall, the humor is not only derived from the content itself but also the way it is presented and framed by the use of these narrative and rhetorical strategies.

https://brainly.com/question/17652024

#SPJ3

Geography dictated the economic practices and societal structures of the southern and northern colonies, with the former favoring agriculture and slave labor due to its suitable climate and soil, and the latter focusing on trade, commerce, and smaller-scale farming due to a harsher environment.

The geographical features of the southern and northern colonies played a pivotal role in their respective development patterns. In the southern colonies, the fertile soil and warm climate were conducive to agriculture, especially the cultivation of tobacco, rice, and indigo. This led to the establishment of large plantations, which in turn created a demand for a substantial labor force, contributing to the entrenchment of slave labor. By contrast, the northern colonies experienced harsher climates and rockier soils, making large-scale agriculture less feasible. Instead, these colonies focused on industries such as shipbuilding, fishing, and small-scale farming, with a greater emphasis on trade and commerce. The diverse geographical conditions led to distinct economic systems and societal structures in these regions.

The Carolinas is a prime example of how geography influenced colonial expansion. The challenging coastal swamps and lack of natural harbors in North Carolina made it less appealing to English colonists in comparison to regions with easier access like Virginia. Those who migrated to North Carolina from Virginia were often individuals seeking to distance themselves from the class-based society that viewed them as lesser due to their lack of land ownership.

In conclusion, geography not only shaped the economic and social development of the colonies but also influenced the types of industries that flourished, the patterns of settlement, and the overall cultural evolution of each region, thereby playing a foundational role in the history of America.

https://brainly.com/question/17462755

#SPJ12

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Daniel Shay rebelled in Springfield, Massachusetts for the following reason.

Shay considered that the economic policies of the government were unjust, so he led a group of people and protested against these measures and also protested for the corruption of the state Congress. The demonstrations started in August 1786. Shay led violent acts such as the attack of government buildings Shay had been a soldier of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War and later became a farmer as many of the other rebel people.