How to knof if d orbital is paramagnetic?
What happens when an electric field is applied to a very polar molecule?
Final answer:
Polar molecules align themselves in an electric field, with their positive ends facing the negative plate and their negative ends facing the positive plate, to maximize attraction between opposite charges.
Explanation:
Response to Polar Molecules in an Electric Field
When an electric field is applied to a very polar molecule, the molecules will align themselves with the field. A polar molecule has a permanent dipole moment due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges. In the absence of an electric field, these molecules are randomly oriented, and thus have no net effect. However, in the presence of an electric field, they orient themselves so that the positive end of each molecule is attracted to the negative plate, and the negative end is attracted to the positive plate. This alignment occurs because polar molecules want to maximize the attraction between opposite charges induced by the electric field, effectively creating a net dipole moment density per unit volume.
Polar molecules like HF will align to their dipoles with the field direction, demonstrating this behavior. The same effect can be observed with nonpolar molecules; while they do not have a permanent dipole moment, they can acquire an induced electric-dipole moment when subjected to an electric field, which also aligns with the field direction.
How many electrons are required to complete the outer energy level of a phosphorus atom?
The number of electrons required to complete the outer energy level of the phosphorus atom has been 3.
Phosphorous has been Group 15 nonmetal. The atomic number of phosphorus has been 15.
The electronic configuration has been assigned to fill the subshells. The electronic configuration of Phosphorus has been:
2, 8, 5
The third shell of atoms has 8 electrons. In the third shell of phosphorus, the number of electrons is 5.
In order to complete the outer energy level, the number of electrons required are:
8 = 5 + electrons required
Electrons required = 8 - 5
Electrons required = 3
The number of electrons required to complete the outer energy level of the phosphorus atom has been 3.
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Which will decrease the rate of a reaction?
a. changing the temperature from 90ºC to 40ºC
b. adjusting the concentration from 30 ng to 60 ng
c. placing the substance in a smaller container
d. grinding the substance into a powder
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Rate of a reaction gets affected by change in temperature as when we decrease the temperature then reactant molecules lose kinetic energy. As a result, there occurs decrease in number of collisions between the molecules.
Hence, rate of reaction also decreases with decrease in temperature.
Whereas when we increase the concentration from 30 mg to 60 mg then there is increase in number of reactant molecules. Therefore, there will be increase in number of collisions between the molecules.
Also, when substance is placed in smaller container then molecules come closer to each other and thus collide more frequently. So, rate of reaction will also increase.
On the other hand, grinding the substance into a powder will also increase the number of reactant particles. Thus, this will also increase the rate of reaction.
Thus, we can conclude that changing the temperature from [tex]90^ºC[/tex] to [tex]40^ºC[/tex] will decrease the rate of a reaction.
If at 20 ∘C and a partial pressure of 760 mmHg, the solubility of CO2 in water is 0.169 g/100mL, what is the solubility of CO2 in an open bottle of seltzer water at 20 ∘C?
The solubility of [tex]C{O_2}[/tex]in an open bottle of seltzer water is[tex]\boxed{{\mathbf{9}}.{\mathbf{3394g}}{\text{/}}{\mathbf{100}}{\text{ }}{\mathbf{mL}}}[/tex].
Further explanation
Molar solubility is the concentration of pure substance dissolved in saturated solution. It is generally defined as ratio of number of moles of substance dissolved in one litre of solution until the solution becomes saturated. The S.I unit of molar solubility is mol/L.
The equilibrium constant between the compound and its ion, when dissolved in solution, is known as solubility product constant. It is denoted by [tex]{{\text{K}}_{{\text{sp}}}}[/tex]. The solubility product constant is used to calculate the product of concentration of ions at equilibrium. Higher the solubility product constant more will be the solubility of the compound.
The formula to relate concentration (C), volume (V), and number of moles (n) is as follows:
[tex]{\text{C = }}\frac{{\text{n}}}{{\text{V}}}[/tex] …… (1)
Ideal gas law is considered as the equation of state for any hypothetical gas. The expression for the ideal gas equation of gas is as follows:
[tex]{\text{PV}}={\text{nRT}}[/tex] …… (2)
Here,
P is the pressure of the gas.
V is the volume of gas.
n denotes the number of moles of gas.
R is the gas constant.
T is the temperature of gas.
The equation (2) can be written as:
[tex]{\text{P}}=\frac{{\text{n}}}{{\text{V}}}{\text{RT}}[/tex] …… (3)
Substitute C for [tex]\frac{{\text{n}}}{{\text{V}}}[/tex] in equation (2), the formula will become,
[tex]{\text{P}} = {\text{CRT}}[/tex] …… (4)
If the temperature is constant then RT will be constant. Then the equation (4) can be written as follows:
[tex]\frac{{\text{P}}}{{\text{C}}}={\text{constant}}[/tex] …… (5)
If we have initial and final value of pressure and concentration then the equation (5) will be written as follows:
[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}={{\text{P}}_2}{{\text{C}}_1}[/tex] …… (6)
Here,
[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}[/tex]is the initial pressure.
[tex]{{\text{P}}_2}[/tex]is the final pressure.
[tex]{{\text{C}}_1}[/tex]is the initial concentration.
[tex]{{\text{C}}_2}[/tex]is the final concentration.
On rearranging equation (6) for [tex]{{\text{C}}_2}[/tex] we get,
[tex]{{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}=\frac{{{{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{C}}_{\text{1}}}}}{{{{\text{P}}_{\text{1}}}}}[/tex] …… (7)
[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}[/tex]is 760 mmHg
[tex]{{\text{P}}_2}[/tex]is[tex]{\text{4}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{\text{4}}}\;{\text{mmHg}}[/tex]
[tex]{{\text{C}}_1}[/tex]is 0.169g/100 mL.
Substitute the values of [tex]{{\text{P}}_1}[/tex], [tex]{{\text{P}}_2}[/tex], and [tex]{{\text{C}}_1}[/tex]in equation (7).
[tex]\begin{aligned}{{\text{C}}_2}&=\frac{{\left({{\text{4}}{\text{.2}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{\text{4}}}\;{\text{mmHg}}}\right)\times\left( {{\text{0}}{\text{.169 g/100 mL}}}\right)}}{{\left({{\text{760 mmHg}}}\right)}}\\&={\text{9}}{\text{.3394 g/100}}\;{\text{mL}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The solubility of [tex]{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex]in an open bottle of seltzer water is 9.3394g/100 mL.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Solutions
Keywords: ideal gas, pressure, volume, temperature, number of moles, initial, final, equation, 760 mmHg, 9.334g/100mL, 0.169g/100mL.
If an atom has 6 electrons outside of its nucleus, which combination of protons and neutrons would result in a neutral atom?
The two most abundant elements in earth's core are ?
The most abundant element in the earth core is oxygen the most essential and precious gas. Second most abundant element is silicon.
What are elements?Elements are the basic things in the universe. Everything in the world is made of elements. Elements combines to form molecules, molecules then forms compounds and compounds makes the macrothings.
There are various kinds of elements such as metals, gases, metalloids. etc. These all elements shows their characteristic physical and chemicals behaviours. Based on their electronic properties all the elements are classified into various groups in periodic table.
Oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth core that we all are used to intake for respiration. Oxygen s 8th element in periodic table and it is in P-block.
Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth core. Silicon is a metalloids in 14th group of p-block and it is 14th element in periodic table. It is used in many electronic devises.
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Which of the following is not a criteria pollutant?
A. nitrogen oxides
B. volatile organic compounds
C. carbon monoxide
D. sulfur oxides
Volatile organic compounds is not a criteria of pollutant.
What is pollutant?
The elements, molecules, and particles that contribute to pollution are known as pollutants; life can be injured by exposure to these substances, and their impacts on people and plants are widely documented.
There are several ways that pollutants can enter the environment, both naturally and through human activity. Depending on the type of pollution, what happens to it once it is released into the air, soil, or water supply.
Secondary pollutants are created when primary pollutants react with outside influences, primary pollutants are released directly into the environment.
Therefore, Volatile organic compounds is not a criteria of pollutant.
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The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____. (activity 10b) nadph ... nadp+ water ... nadph carbon dioxide ... oxygen carbon dioxide ... sugar nadph ... oxygen
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the energy from the sun is converted into few amounts of ATP and an energy carrier called NADPH. This is associated with the consumption of water and release of oxygen. So from the choices above, the correct answers are:
The light reactions of photosynthesis use water and produce nadph.
As temperature of this substance rises from 20°C to 50°C, the substance _______ heat and its kinetic energy _________ .
A) absorbs; increases
B) releases; increases
C) absorbs; remains constant
D) remains constant; increases
Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
When a substance absorbs heat energy then there will occur an increase in the temperature of the substance.
And, as there is occurring an increase in the temperature of substance. Kinetic energy is related to temperature as follows.
[tex]K.E \propto \frac{3}{2}kT[/tex]
Hence, with increase in temperature there will also be increase in kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.
Thus, we can conclude that as temperature of this substance rises from [tex]20^{o}C[/tex] to [tex]50^{o}C[/tex], the substance absorbs heat and its kinetic energy increases.
A chemical ________________ is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
If neon were frozen into the solid state, would it still be a substance?
What gas produced from combustion of fossil fuels is causing global warming
A blood test shows clumps only in wells containing anti-A and anti-B antibodies. The Rhesus test was negative. Which is the correct blood type?
~ A-
~ B+
~ A+
~ AB-
Answer:
AB negative.
Explanation:
Four major types of blood group found in humans are A, B, AB and O. The rhesus factors determines whether the blood group is positive or negative. Karl Landsteiner explained the different types of blood group.
The blood test shows clumping in the wells with anti-A and anti-B antibodies. The blood group is AB because AB blood group has both the antigens A and B, shows clumping in both the anti-A and anti-B antibodies. The rhesus test is negative indicates that the blood type is negative as the rhesus protein is absent on the surface of blood cells. Hence, the individual has AB- blood type.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
Answer:
AB -
Explanation:
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How many milliliters of 0.120 m naoh are required to titrate 50.0 ml of 0.0998 m benzoic acid to the equivalence point? the ka of benzoic acid is 6.3 ⋅ 10-5?
To reach the equivalence point in the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.0998 M benzoic acid with 0.120 M NaOH, 41.58 mL of NaOH is required.
The student is asking how to calculate the volume of 0.120 M NaOH required to neutralize a given volume and concentration of benzoic acid in a titration process. Since benzoic acid is a monoprotic acid, it will react with NaOH in a 1:1 mole ratio.
To solve this, we use the formula:
molarity of acid (Macid) imes volume of acid (Vacid) = molarity of base (Mbase) imes volume of base (Vbase)
Substitute the known values into the equation to find the unknown volume of NaOH:
Macid = 0.0998 M
Vacid = 50.0 mL
Mbase = 0.120 M
Vbase = ?
Rearrange the equation to solve for Vbase:
Vbase = (Macid x Vacid) / Mbase
Vbase = (0.0998 M x 50.0 mL) / 0.120 M
Vbase = 41.58 mL
Therefore, 41.58 mL of 0.120 M NaOH is required to reach the equivalence point in the titration of 50.0 mL of 0.0998 M benzoic acid.
Why did the better part of a century pass between Thomson’s work and Dalton’s work? Was no one interested in researching the atomic theory?
Choose all that apply: Living organisms use atoms from sugar molecules combined with other elements to form: Question 9 options: Lipids Metals Nonmetal atoms Nucleic Acids
Describe how you would prepare a supersaturated solution of lithium sulfate
A solution with a ph of 8 has how many times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a ph of 6?
A solution with a pH of 8 has 100 times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6 because for each unit of pH, the hydrogen ion concentration changes by a factor of ten.
A solution with a pH of 8 has how many times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6? The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that a difference of one pH unit corresponds to a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. Since the solution with a pH of 6 is more acidic than the solution with a pH of 8, it has more hydrogen ions. Specifically, for each pH unit difference, there is a tenfold difference in [tex][H^+][/tex] concentration.
Calculating the fold difference for two pH units, we know it's ten to the power of the difference in pH levels. Therefore, the difference is 102 or 100 times. Hence, a solution with a pH of 8 has 100 times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6.
Order these elements from LEAST to GREATEST atomic mass.
A) Li, He N, S
B) He, Li, N, S
C) N, He, Li, S
D) S, N, Li, He
Order these elements from least to greatest atomic mass is He, Li, N, S. Thus option B is correct.
What are elements?Elements are defined as a pure substance made up only of one sort of atom, each of whose nuclei contains the same number of protons.
It can also be defined as a substance that cannot be chemically divided into simpler substances.
There are basically three types of elements.
MetalsNon metalsMetalloidsAtomic masses are defined as the amount of material that makes up an element's atom.
It can also be defined as the relative mass of the element's atom in relation to the mass of an isotope of carbon-12.
To determine the average mass of elements and molecules as well as to resolve stoichiometry issues, the atomic mass is used.
Thus, order these elements from least to greatest atomic mass is He, Li, N, S. Thus option B is correct.
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When non metals form ions what ions do they tend to form?
In chemical reactions, nonmetals generally gain electrons to form negatively charged ions called anions, achieving a stable electronic state like the next noble gas.
Explanation:When nonmetals form ions, they typically gain electrons to form negatively charged ions known as anions. This process results in nonmetals achieving a stable electronic configuration that is similar to the one of the next noble gas in the periodic table.
Nonmetals, particularly those in groups 16 and 17, and to a lesser extent those in Group 15, have a high electronegativity which drives them to gain electrons and form anions such as the chloride ion (Cl-), the nitride ion (N3-), and the selenide ion (Se2-). Unlike metals that typically lose electrons to form cations, nonmetals do not form monatomic positive ions (cations) in normal chemical processes due to their high ionization energies.
What are the two most common sources for carbon compounds?
The density of water at 40°c is 0.992 g/ml. what is the volume of 3.45 g of water at this temperature?
Which of these is NOT an indicator of a chemical reaction.
Question 7 options:
Change in color
Production of heat, cold or light
Precipitation of a solid
Change of state
Using electron configurations, explain why the halogens readily react with the alkali metals to form salts
When metals and non metals combine in fixed proportion then a chemical compound is formed. To gain stability and octet, halogens readily react with the alkali metals to form salts.
.
What is chemical formula?Chemical formula is a formula where cation and anion combine to form a molecule in fixed proportion. Metals combine in form of cation and non metals combine in form of anion. the overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral. The overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral.
The electronic configuration of halogen is ns²np⁵ and the electronic configuration of Alkali metals are ns¹. As halogens are very electronegative atom it can gain electrons from the alkali metals to complete its octet and hence gain stability.
Therefore, to gain stability and octet, halogens readily react with the alkali metals to form salts.
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If conducting research for a paper on restricting cell phone usage in automobiles, which source would be most effective to use in your argument?
Answer: A) a recent court case
How many grams of cuso4 5h20 are needed to prepare a 0.020 m stock solution?
Final answer:
To determine the mass of CuSO4 · 5H2O needed for a 0.020 M stock solution, the molar mass of the compound and the volume of the solution are required. Assuming a 1-liter volume, approximately 4.9936 grams of CuSO4 · 5H2O are needed to achieve this molarity.
Explanation:
The question being asked is: How many grams of CuSO4 · 5H2O are needed to prepare a 0.020 M stock solution? To answer this, we first need to understand that CuSO4 · 5H2O (Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate) is a hydrated salt and its molar mass is essential in calculating the required mass for a given solution concentration and volume. The molar mass of CuSO4 · 5H2O is approximately 249.68 g/mol. For a 0.020 M (molar) solution, this refers to 0.020 moles of the solute per liter. However, the original question does not specify the volume of the stock solution to be prepared, which is crucial information needed to calculate the mass. Typically, a stock solution might be prepared in a standard volume such as 1 L. If we assume this to be the case, for a 0.020 M solution, 0.020 moles of CuSO4 · 5H2O would be required, which equates to 4.9936 grams (0.020 moles × 249.68 g/mol).
This calculation demonstrates how to determine the mass of a solid substance required to prepare a specific concentration of solution, given the molar mass of the compound and the desired solution volume and molarity. Without explicit details on the intended volume, assumptions must be made, here we assumed 1 liter. It's critical in chemistry calculations to have clear, precise information to ensure accuracy.
Why are weight and mass used synonymously on Earth?
The difference between mass and time is the influence of the earth's gravitational force on objects
Further explanationIn general, some people equate mass and weight.
Mass is one of the principal quantities, which is related to the matter in the matter, whereas weight is a force that leads to the center of the earth which is subject to the earth to matter (Earth's gravitational force)
So that the mass does not depend on the location of the object, while the weight can change depending on the position of the object
In international standards, the mass unit is kg while the weight is in units of newton
1 kg itself is the mass of a cylinder made of platinum-iridium
While the standard mass of an atom is determined according to the carbon-12 atomic mass of 12 atomic mass units
1 atomic mass unit comparable to 1.6605402.10-17 kg
Measuring the atomic mass using a mass spectrometer.
The mass itself can be measured by the arm balance while the weight is measured by the spring balance
One equation that can relate mass and force (weight) is
W = m.g
W = weight, N
m = mass, kg
g = gravity acceleration, m / s2
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What are elements that bond to form binary covalent compounds?
a) nonmetals
b) metals
There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, the correct option is option A.
What is chemical Compound?Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.
An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound. Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond. Covalent compounds are created when two or more non-metals are combined with less electronegativity difference.
Therefore, the correct option is option A that is non metals.
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How are metals, metalloid and nonmetals separated on the periodic table?