A __________ is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell wall and is not easily removed.

Final answer:

Butter and oils are types of lipids, a class of macromolecules that store energy efficiently and are essential for cell membrane structure and function, as well as for the insulation of organs. Lipids provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates and are necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Explanation:

Butter and oils are both types of lipids. Lipids are a class of macromolecules that are primarily nonpolar and hydrophobic. In our diets, we commonly encounter fats and oils, which are significant as they provide a dense form of energy, packing approximately 9 kcal of energy per gram when oxidized compared to only 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates. Fats are typically solid at room temperature, like butter derived from animals, whereas oils, such as olive oil or canola oil derived from plants, are liquid.

A fundamental characteristic of lipids is that they are an important source of stored energy. They are also vital for the structure of cell membranes and contribute to the insulation and protection of our organs. Additionally, without adequate dietary lipids, individuals can become deficient in essential fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K. Lipids also include other types such as phospholipids, which play a crucial role in cell membrane structure, and cholesterol, a steroid important in cell membranes and a precursor for steroid hormones.

The property of the cell membrane is permeable; some substance can permit through it spontaneously, but others cannot. Small and nonpolar molecules can easily pass through the membrane, but stimulates ions and fat molecules such as proteins and sugars are streaked channel. Estrogens are fat-soluble which muddles to steroid hormone receptor to penetrate the cell membrane.

Estrogen is able to passively cross the plasma membrane due to its hydrophobic property. The hormone, being a type of small hydrophobic ligand, dissolves in the lipid bilayer's hydrophobic interior, enabling it to cross the membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.

The characteristic of the plasma membrane that permits estrogen to passively cross it is its hydrophobic property. The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer composed of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, but the inside of the membrane, where the fatty acid tails are present, is hydrophobic.  Molecules such as estrogen, which are also hydrophobic, can dissolve in the hydrophobic interior and cross the membrane.

Estrogen, being a steroid hormone, is an important member of a group called small hydrophobic ligands. These ligands can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane and interact with internal receptors. To illustrate, once estrogen is circulated in the bloodstream, it releases from its carrier protein and passes through the plasma membrane of the target cell, where it binds to receptors within the cytoplasm or nucleus. This binding triggers cell signaling pathways that regulate specific genes on the cell's DNA, thus altering gene expression and, ultimately, the cell's function.  

The plasma membrane's selective permeability, fluidity, and incorporation of molecules like cholesterol all aid in this process of passive transport.

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The correct answer is option Their shapes fit snugly together.

The  active site of the enzyme is designed in such a way that is can comfortable get attached to the substrates. The substrate recognizes the active site of the enzyme and get fits into it. The attachment of the enzyme and the substrate is well explained by the lock and key mechanism, which suggest that the enzymes and the substrate are similar to the lock and key. every lock has its unique key and vice versa, similarly, every enzyme has its own substrate and vice versa.

They come apart and lose their shape.

Answer:

free points mwah

Explanation:

Answer:

It's actually called "active transport."

Explanation:

The trick is in the question itself. When they can't move through a cell membrane PASSIVE-ly, the cell uses transport proteins to actively transport them.

Final answer:

The biome that covers approximately 70% of Earth's surface is the oceanic pelagic zone, an aquatic biome that includes the open ocean far from land and is home to diverse marine life.

Explanation:

The biome that covers approximately 70% of Earth's surface is not a terrestrial biome such as temperate broadleaf forests, coral reefs, or tropical forests, but is the oceanic pelagic zone. This aquatic biome encapsulates the vast open ocean, which is the largest habitat on our planet. Terrestrial biomes, including the ones like temperate forests and tropical wet forests, cover only about 30% percent of Earth's surface.

These vast aquatic areas are critical to the Earth's ecosystem, playing a key role in regulating climate, carbon cycling, and supporting a diverse array of marine life. The oceanic pelagic zone is characterized by its depth and the lack of a solid structure beneath, such as the continuity of the oceanic crust. The open sea is a unique environment that hosts a diversity of organisms adapted to its particular conditions, which vary greatly from surface waters to the deep sea.

Answer: The correct answer is- c. clumped, evenly spaced, and random.

Organisms in a particular population can exhibit primarily three basic patterns of population distribution, which are as follows-

1) Uniform Dispersion - When organisms of a population are uniformly ( more or less equally spaced) distributed in an area that is they are evenly spaced from one another, it shows uniform dispersion.

2) Random dispersion- It is seen when organisms of a population are randomly distributed that is there is no specific pattern between them.

3) Clumped- It s seen when organisms are present in the form of cluster that is they form groups in the form of clumps.

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is often asymptomatic, but symptoms may include discharge, pain during urination, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. It is important to know if one is infected to seek treatment and prevent complications.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the most frequently reported bacterial STI in the United States. Chlamydia is commonly asymptomatic, meaning that infected individuals may not experience any symptoms. However, if symptoms do occur, they can include vaginal or urethral discharge, pain during urination, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. Chlamydia can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner, and it can also be spread from a mother to her baby during childbirth. Individuals need to know if they are infected with chlamydia to seek treatment and prevent the spread of the infection, as untreated chlamydia can lead to complications and long-term health problems.

The cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells in the cytokinesis stage of cell cycle. In this stage, the cytoplasmic content of the cell starts to divide into two daughter cells.

The cell cycle is a series of events which takes place in a cell as the cell grows and undergoes division. A cell spends most of the time in the interphase stage, and during this phase, the cell grows, replicates its genetic material, and prepares itself for the actual cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, and undergoes M-phase or mitosis or meiosis, and completes the cell division.

Cytokinesis is the last part of the M-phase of cell cycle during which the cell division is completed by physical separation of the cytoplasmic component of the cell into two daughter cells.

Learn more about Cell cycle here:

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During cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle, the cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells.

The cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells during the cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle. Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cytoplasm of the cell, resulting in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells.

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration and during glycolysis in fermentation. It is the direct synthesis of ATP from ADP during a metabolic reaction and is important for producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Substrate-level phosphorylation is the direct synthesis of ATP from ADP during a metabolic reaction. This process occurs in both the glycolysis and the Krebs cycle during cellular respiration, as well as during fermentation. In glycolysis, this process takes place when a phosphate group is transferred from a phosphorylated intermediate directly to ADP, forming ATP.

Fermentation also involves substrate-level phosphorylation during glycolysis, as it provides the ATP necessary for the cell’s metabolic requirements in the absence of oxygen. However, no ATP is produced by the fermentation process beyond this point, as it lacks an electron transport chain.

The Krebs cycle is significant since it is involved in both the catabolism (breakdown of molecules to produce energy) and anabolism (synthesis of compounds needed by the cell). In the Krebs cycle, substrate-level phosphorylation occurs when GDP is converted to GTP, which can then be used to generate ATP.

Although there's currently no definitive cure for psoriasis, effective management of its symptoms is possible through various treatments. These aim to slow down the accelerated cell turnover process that occurs in psoriasis, and reduce inflammation and scales.

In the context of psoriasis, a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales, it's important to understand that there is currently no definitive cure. However, this doesn't mean that the condition cannot be managed. As a chronic inflammatory condition, psoriasis is caused by a rapid cell turnover process, where skin cells rise to the surface too quickly, causing the characteristic patches.

Treatments for psoriasis typically aim to reduce inflammation and scales, slow the growth of skin cells, and remove plaques. Psoriasis treatments include topicals, phototherapy, and systemic medications, among others. Individuals with psoriasis may also develop a form of arthritis called psoriatic arthritis, which can lead to joint inflammation.

The potential for curing psoriasis can thus be seen as the ability to effectively manage its symptoms, rather than completely erase the condition. Different treatments can provide varying results for different individuals, and what works best often depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health status. It's therefore crucial that patients consult regularly with their healthcare provider to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.

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