Answer: C. provides a disproportionately large retirement benefit to highly compensated key employees that can void the plan's tax qualification
Explanation:
A retirement plan is considered a top-heavy one when 60 percent of the aggregate accrued benefits or account balances are for the compensation of specific key employees. A key employee refers to a person who´s a 5 percent owner of the employer, or a 1 percent owner of the employer with over $150,000 in compensation, or an officer with over $180,000 in compensation from the employer ($185,000 since 2020, and subordinate to cost-of-living changes in the future).
Watson to the study of learning?
A.He challenged the prevailing belief that all associations can be learned equally well.
B.He demonstrated that the more predictable the association, the stronger the conditioned response.
C.He showed how the law of effect can be used to teach new behaviors.
D.He explained how partial reinforcement schedules can be used to maintain learned behaviors.
E.He demonstrated how some emotions and behaviors can be learned by classical conditioning.
Answer:
E.He demonstrated how some emotions and behaviors can be learned by classical conditioning.
Explanation:
Watson in his theory of behaviourism believes that a childs behaviour and character is learned or influenced by his or her environment. thus when a child is conditioned to a particular environment, his behaviour and emotional response will be influenced by what is prevailent in that environment. Watson believes that the environment has much more influence over an individuals behaviour more than genetic make up.
How are games in game theory played? In game theory,
A. players determine their objectives and then payoffs are randomly assigned.
B. agents determine their objectives, and principals are hired by contract to achieve those objectives.
C. rules determine what actions are allowable, players employ strategies to attain their objectives, and payoffs are the results of the interaction among the players' strategies.
D. players employ strategies to attain their objectives sequentially so that they are not affected by the actions of other players.
E. a natural experiment is used to determine the effect of a factor by treating
Answer: C
Explanation:
The players get to follow the set rules of the game. And they try to follow this rules and employ different strategies to attain their objectives and pay off is the result and it should be noted also that to be fully defined, a game must specify the following elements:
The players of the game
The information and actions available to each player at each decision point, and the payoffs for each outcome.
Answer:
In game theory :
C. rules determine what actions are allowable, players employ strategies to attain their objectives, and payoffs are the results of the interaction among the players' strategies.
Explanation:
The game theory, explains how a game is determined by rules, but mustly by the interaction among players. There for to generate any strategy, a player must take on account both: the rules and the movements other players have done.
This is the only way a game can developed, it is defined and refined by the new interactions being displayed.
This way of funcitoning is how the game is dinamic, because it is constanlty changing. The result or the payoffs are also dependable on each players moves. This means that the players benefit from others players actions.
The force of impact of a collision is affected by vehicle's ____. aceable
Final answer:
The force of impact of a collision is influenced by the vehicle's speed prior to the collision, how long the collision lasts, and the vehicle's ability to absorb impact through crumpling. Vehicles designed with the concept of impulse in mind, use airbags and crumple zones to reduce impact force.
Explanation:
The force of impact of a collision is affected by a vehicle's speed just before impact, the duration of the collision, and the vehicle's ability to crumple or collapse. Understanding impulse, which is the product of the net force on an object and the time over which it acts (Fnet∏ t), is critical in designing safer vehicles. The concept of impulse explains why safety features like airbags and plastic components that allow cars to crumple can lessen the force of impact during a collision.
Increasing the duration of the impact (∏ t) with features like airbags and padded dashboards as well as car frames that crumple, maintains the same momentum change while reducing the force involved, thereby decreasing injuries and saving lives.
A junta is defined as:
a. a small group that controls the government.
b. a large group that controls business interests.
c. a large group that controls the government.
d. a small group that controls business interests.
Answer:
The correct answer is A: a small group that controls the government.
Explanation:
A junta or military junta is a small committee of military leaders who control the government. It is an authoritarian form of government with an oligarchic military dictatorship and they have been frequently seen in Latin America, as institutionalized professional junta led by the different military office or national police.
The word junta comes from Spanish and means committee or the board. Sometimes, a military dictatorship can be created from the junta, but these terms are not synonymous.
Answer:
A. A small group that controls the government.
Explanation:
Its correct on edge.
Brainliest?
The idea that one species can give rise to new kinds of species, new genera, new families, orders, classes, or kingdoms is known as .
The idea that one species give rise to new kinds of species, new genera, new families, orders, classes, or kingdoms is known as Speciation.
EXPLANATION:
Speciation is an evolutionary process in which new and different species are formed. In this process the new species is produced with the chromosomes twice the normal number. Speciation generally happens when the members in the large population leave the group and migrate to different location.
There are four types of speciation,
i) Allopatric Speciation
ii) Sympatric Speciation
iii) Parapatric Speciation
iv) Quantum Speciation
Geographical isolation, genetic drift and natural selection are the main cause of speciation.
Answer:
The correct answer is evolution
In order to study a sample of participants from only one ethnic group, researchers must first demonstrate that the problem being studied is especially prevalent in that ethnic group. This is an application of which principle from the Belmont Report?
Answer:
justice
Explanation:
the Belmont report summarizes 3 principles for studies involving human subjects, these are; respect for persons, beneficience and justice.
the principle of justice demands that when studying a particular group it must have been assertained that the problem in prevalent in that ethnic group and that reasonable, non-exploitative, and well-considered procedures are administered fairly
When parents and teachers engage in scaffolding practices, they are supporting which of the key principles of optimal word learning During the intuitive thought substage of preoperational thought, children begin to use ________ and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions.
Answer:
primitive reasoning
Explanation:
Scaffolding practices of learning is a process of learning where teachers tries to add supports for the students in order to help them learning and supports in mastering the task. Teachers and parents by connecting a new lesson or topic to an already completed lesson will help and enhanced the students to learn the new topic more effectively by applying the already learned knowledge.
Children learn far better during they interact with others and in responsive context.
In Piaget's theory cognitive development, Piaget describes the cognitive development in a children into four stages --
sensorimotorpreoperationalconcreteformalThe preoperational stage develops in the child between the age group of 2 to 4. Here the child is not able to form any idea of anything and children use the primitive reasoning to know he answers.
Hence the answer is --- primitive reasoning.
Answer:
Explanation:
Education that focuses on the typical developmental patterns of children (age appropriateness) as well as the uniqueness of each child (individually appropriateness). Such practice contrasts with developmentally inappropriate practice, which ignores the concrete, hands-on approach to learning. For example, direct teaching largely through abstract paper-and-pencil activities presented to large groups of young children is believed to be developmentally inappropriate.
Once the juvenile has been retained, most jurisdictions require that a _______ be held.
Once the juvenile has been retained, most jurisdictions require that a detention hearing to be held.
Explanation:
The ‘detention’ meaning in the juvenile courts terminology is to maintain and/ or hear the judgement, youth accused of crimes may detain by court orders. In a juvenile court, minors can be accommodated in various places, including in detention centres.
When the court decides whether a child will be detained pending trial in a criminal court, this is called a detention hearing. In most jurisdictions, a court hearing must take place within 48 to 72 hours of detention to determine the importance of maintaining detention.
In short, the purpose of detention on remand is to determine the reasons that motivated the child to do so. Once an accusation is found, most jurisdictions must also prove that the child is a threat to him or others, so detention must continue until the trial.
The ________ states that the opportunity cost of producing a good always rises as one produces more of it.a. law of increasing relative cost b. law of positive economics c. law of demand d. production possibilities frontier (PPF) model game
Answer:
a. law of increasing relative cost
Explanation:
In economics, the law of increasing costs is a theory which states that once all production factors (land, labour, capital) are at maximum output, it will cost more than average to produce.
As production increases, the opportunity cost will also increase.
In such a nut-shell, markets and countries are trying to strike a balance on how to handle resources whilst using the goods to achieve the best possible productivity and revenue.
Dependence on guidance and direction is the defining characteristic of the _____ stage of group development.
Answer: Forming stage
Explanation:
In terms of group development, forming stage is the very first level where the people of group discuss the goals of team ,regulations and rules, skills and abilities of team members, individuality etc. It creates understanding and development environment for the group members.
Members are guided to perform certain activities, instructions to begin the activities are given and responsibilities are distributed among them.At this stage , members become familiar with each other.
When the oil pressure light illuminates, pull over onto __________ and turn off your engine.
Answer:
Level ground
Explanation:
When you are driving and the oil pressure light illuminates, it usually means that your car might have lost oil pressure.
Therefore, you should first pull over onto level ground (since being on incline ground may not let you take an accurate measure of the oil levels) and turn off your engine. Then you should wait for a few minutes on level ground and see if the oil pressure light is still on and the oil is still low, if it is, you should call a mechanic or a tow since driving with a low oil pressure can damage your engine.
Answer: level ground
Explanation:
Leonard’s therapist suggests that Leonard’s anxiety may be the result of an unconscious fear of his father’s disapproval. What might a critic say about the therapist’s suggestion in terms of treating Leonard’s anxiety?
Anxiety is defined as the feeling of dread, fear, and being anxious due to any phobia, stress, or condition.
What are the therapies for anxiety disorders?Anxiety disorders are defined as the condition in which a person experiences fear and uneasiness. It is characterized by sweat, rapid heartbeats, and restlessness. Leonard's anxiety can be a result of an unconscious fear of his father's disapproval. In an unconscious state, a person is not aware and cannot relate the symptoms with cause. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is an effective form of therapy, in which a patient is treated for anxiety disorders. The theory focuses on managing symptoms and dealing with fears.Thus, the critic would state that therapist's suggestion is a psychoanalytic perspective. There could be other factors that are contributing to the anxiety.
Learn more about Anxiety here:
https://brainly.com/question/1049467
Final answer:
A critic might argue against a Freudian approach to Leonard's anxiety by highlighting the difficulties in falsifying theories centered on unconscious fears and the potential for overuse of defense mechanisms. They may also point out that other evidence-based treatments could be more effective.
Explanation:
When Leonard's therapist posits an unconscious fear of his father's disapproval as the root of Leonard's anxiety, a critic might point out several potential issues regarding this Freudian approach. Firstly, the therapist's focus on uncovering unconscious motives, such as a fear of paternal disapproval, relies heavily on the psychoanalytic theory of insight. This approach aims to help the patient develop insight into the unconscious causes of their disorder. The process often encounters resistance, where the patient may use defense mechanisms to avoid confronting painful unconscious feelings or thoughts. It is not uncommon for patients to forget appointments, express hostility towards the therapist, or engage in transference, projecting feelings related to important personal relationships onto the therapist.
A critic may argue this treatment methodology is inherently unfalsifiable since Freudian theory suggests that any contrary evidence could be dismissed as a defense mechanism. As such, if Leonard doesn't exhibit fear of his father's disapproval, it could be claimed that he is repressing those feelings, making it challenging to definitively test the theory's predictions. Additionally, an overreliance on theories such as the Oedipus complex could overshadow more empirical or evidence-based approaches to treating anxiety, potentially neglecting other contributing factors or more effective treatments.
A group of citizens with common interests who try to influence public policy to benefit its members is called a(n) ____________.
a. caucus.
b. iron triangle.
c. interest group.
d. lobby.
Answer:
c. interest group
Explanation:
An interest group refers to a group of people(or even organizations) who associate together in a formal way and that attempts to influence public policy in its favour. In other words, they are a group of people who share a common interest and that gather together in a formal way to get benefits by influencing public policies.
The main goal of these groups is to influence the people who make decisions to be benefitted by these decisions.
Therefore, A group of citizens with common interests who try to influence public policy to benefit its members is called an interest group.
Categories of definable characteristics of groups of people, such as age, race, religion, socioeconomic status, education level, and sexual orientation are included what kind of data about your audience?
Answer: Demographics
Explanation:
Demographics is defined as the analyzing and studying mechanism carried out on population of people in terms of statistics.It deals with the analyzing, structure, size, status and characteristics of people so that they can be divided into groups.
The factors on which demography divides the factors are age, sex, income, martial status, education, job, ethics etc.The notice and record about the characteristics changes that occur in group of people according with the time and situation such as aging , migration or other factor.
Final answer:
Demographic information includes details such as age, race, and education level that are vital for effective audience analysis and communication tailoring.
Explanation:
The data about your audience that includes categories like age, race, religion, socioeconomic status, education level, and sexual orientation are referred to as demographic information. Demographics are critical audience analysis tools that allow a speaker or writer to understand and cater to their audience effectively. By considering these definable characteristics, one can tailor their speech or writing to appeal to the diverse array of individuals present. For instance, knowledge of the education level among your audience members can guide the complexity of the language and concepts you use. Similarly, awareness of cultural or religious backgrounds can help prevent any unintended offense and make your content more inclusive. Demographics not only inform the content but also the style and delivery of your communication, ensuring it resonates well with the audience.
A social psychologist has been invited to give a community lecture on the importance of Milgram's research. He asks a social psychology class for suggested titles. Which of the following titles might they suggest as the most appropriate? a. "Obedience and Aggression Are Inborn" b. Training in Ethics Can Overcome the Pull of Obedience" c. "Do Not Underestimate the Power of Perceived Authority d. "Make a Small Request First and the World Can Be Yours"
Answer:
c. "Do Not Underestimate the Power of Perceived Authority"
Explanation:
The Milgram's research is a research study done by Stanley Milgram from Yale University. In his research, he studied the difference and conflict between personal conscience and obedience to authority.
In the Milgram's study of obedience, the degree of the immediate physical presence of an authority is the independent variable whereas compliance was the dependent variable.
Perceived authority has a limitless power in terms of authority. Hence the correct option is (c).
Vikranth takes pride in being able to memorize long strings of letters very quickly. His trick is to see each group of letters as the initials of people he knows. That way, instead of remembering 20 letters, he only has to remember a group of seven friends. What is the name for Vikranth's technique?
Answer: Chunking method
Explanation:
Chunking technique is defined as the method in which a person tends to take smaller piece or units of information known as chunks and gathering it to make a large information unit.This helps in remembering the information that cannot be learned and remembered as a whole.
According to the situation mentioned in question,Vikranth is using chucking method.He memorizes the letters in the form of small groups by tricking it with his friend's names.This make it easy to remember letter's long strings an improves memorizing power.
Robert, an eight-year-old German speaker, has been referred for consideration of special education services. A team of knowledgeable professionals will assess all areas of his suspected disability and will take his language differences into consideration in selecting tests and in the evaluation process. Which principle of IDEA does this reflect?
Answer:
MET (Multidisciplinary Evaluation Team)
Explanation:
A Multidisciplinary Evaluation Team is a group of people from different disciplines who work together to achieve a common goal, such as evaluating a student for placement in special education or creating an individualized education program (IEP) for a student. Multidisciplinary Evaluation Teams are usually referred to as "child study teams" or "student support teams".
The _______ is the frequency at which a material tends to vibrate when it is disturbed.
Answer:
correct fill up is natural frequency
Explanation:
solution
Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon and vibrating any object it will create the disturbance, it may be vocal cord of a person and any object that is vibrating, it will create sound and Decibel dB is unit which is use to measure the intensity of sound
All the object having natural frequency at which they vibrate
and frequency at which object tends to vibrate with when hit or plucked or struck or if some how it disturb, that is natural frequency
so correct fill up is natural frequency
Li, an ethnographer, observes some North Americans "crossing their fingers" by bending their middle fingers around their index fingers. When Li asks them to explain this behavior, they say that it means that they are lying. What do ethnographers call this type of "insider" explanation?
Answer: An Emic Explanation
Explanation:
Emic and Etic, coined from the endings of the words phonemic and phonetic are different attitudes towards studying a culture.
An Emic approach involves studying the culture through the eyes of the people who practice the culture. The etic approach on the other hand observes the culture from the outside. The emic is more investigative than observational. Li, by being privy to the perspective of an insider of the culture he is studying has been given an emic explanation.
The core knowledge approach to infant cognitive development is based on the idea that _____.
Answer:
that humans are born with innate cognitive systems
Explanation:
Core knowledge approach is a psychological theory that explains that humans are born with a domain-specific system. It states that human child as soon as he attained the age of 3 to 4 months starts to show signs of core knowledge system which includes object permanence, language, space, etc. Therefore it critique Piaget's theory that underestimated the potential of the infant's cognitive capabilities. Psychologist Elizabeth Spelke thus concluded that infants born with some core knowledge system that helps to make understanding of this world.
________ are the cognitive structures we use to organize our knowledge of the social world. 1. Heuristics 2. Schemas 3. Cognitive filters 4. Counterfactuals
Answer:
Schemas
Explanation:
Schemas
it is basically referring to the process used to developed thinking styles in children. In this, different patterns of behavior present in a repeated way to developed or to explore the ideas in children. It used to help children to build meaning through their play. In sociology, it is referred to as the process of construct knowledge by building mental structure.
Answer:
2. Schemas
Explanation:
In psychology and cognitive science, a schema describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of organizing and perceiving new information. Schemata influence attention and the absorption of new knowledge: people are more likely to notice things that fit into their schema, while re-interpreting contradictions to the schema as exceptions or distorting them to fit. Schemata have a tendency to remain unchanged, even in the face of contradictory information.
According to German sociologist and philosopher Theodor Adorno, what effect does popular culture have on the public?
Answer:
It encourages Passivity
Explanation:
According to the German philosopher, musicologist, sociologist, and psychologist Theodor Adorno, popular culture widely accepted by the middle class. The working-class people, as Adorno points out, do not have any form of resistance toward the popular culture in their society. The popular Culture term as given by Adorno towards the production that manipulates people into passivity.
Final answer:
Theodor Adorno suggested that popular culture acts as a tool of social control, dulling critical thinking and promoting conformity. Mass media's 'cultural curriculum' greatly influences public knowledge and perceptions, affecting societal attitudes and behaviors. The extent of the media's influence underlines why authoritarian regimes sought to control it while democracies utilized it differently.
Explanation:
According to German sociologist and philosopher Theodor Adorno, popular culture serves to perpetuate social norms and values, shaping the public's mindset and behavior. Adorno argued that mass-produced culture operates as a form of social control, dulling critical thought and fostering a passive, conformist populace. His view aligns with a phenomenon observed by modern researchers: a cultural curriculum mediated through mass media has a significant influence on public perception and knowledge, even more than traditional educational sources like textbooks. This curriculum shapes attitudes toward sociopolitical issues and historical figures, often based on stereotypes and media portrayals.
Furthermore, thinkers like Os Guinness have critiqued mainstream culture, particularly Hollywood and social media, for promoting countercultural values, believing this leads to cultural and moral decline. George Gerbner's research on the portrayal of mental illness on television exemplifies this influence, as media often disseminates distorted narratives that shape societal perceptions. These cultural representations can foster divisions, normalize violence, and affect political and social trust. Overall, popular culture's pervasiveness means it touches nearly every aspect of our daily lives, influencing perceptions and behaviors.
In conclusion, European societies' experience with mass media and popular culture has demonstrated its dual nature as a tool of propaganda and a means of self-identification and resistance. This is evident in the varying uses of popular music across different political regimes. The power of media to sway public opinion underscores the reason why authoritarian regimes in twentieth-century Europe sought to control, while democracies have harnessed it for various other ends.
The Texas Constitution is best described as being a. ambiguous. b. flexible. c. understandable. d. restrictive.
Answer:
Restrictive.
Explanation:
The Texas Constitution is made to be easily amended but at the same time is very restrictive in the powers it grants. Specific changes are are necessary and frequently made. It is quite different from the United States Constitution, because amending Texas Constitution is easy, but at the same time powers of state government are quite restricted.
This type of constitution is rooted in the different philosophical approach the makers of the constitution had about the role of the government.
What did sociologist Duncan Watts do to investigate how some pop songs become hits?
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Duncan James Watts is a sociologist that was born on February 20, 1971 in Guelph, Canada and became principal researcher at Microsoft Research. To investigate how some pop songs become hits, Watts manipulated songs' ratings and download numbers to observe the effects on songs' popularity. By doing so he analyzed if the manipulated ratings caused the songs popularity to go up or down.
A task force charged with reducing overhead costs meets to define their roles and responsibilities and ways to reach the group's goals. Tension is fairly high among group members. The team is in the ____ phase of team development.Select one:
a. forming
b. storming
c. norming
d. Performing
Answer:b. storming
Explanation:
The storming stage is a very challenging stage for a team but it is a stage that the team members need to overcome.
This is when conflict rises and there are clashes between group members due to diffrent personalities.
This may affect how the team works. This is the time when one starts to feel how frustrating the other person in a group may be because they start to see how they do things. This is the beginning of actual seeing the real person that you are going to work with. This is after an initial stage when everyone was nice to everyone but they now face the reality of their different characteristics and may not like each other at this point.
Ideas may also clash and even authority can be questioned at this stage.
At this stage the leader need to intervene and let members understand that it is ok to have different opinions but still find a way to embrace each others differences and keep working towards the target.
In his original studies of digestion, Pavlov placed food on a dog's tongue to make the dog salivate. In this situation, the dog's salivating was a(n):___________
A. Conditioned stimulus (CS).
B. Unconditioned response (UC).
C. Conditioned response (CR).
D. Discriminative stimulus.
Answer:
B. Unconditioned response (UC).
Explanation:
Dogs ,salivating naturally in response to food is called to be driven by unconditional response.
But dogs also start salivating when they see white coat of the caretaker who feed them on daily basis. This is the case of conditioned response.
Answer:
Unconditioned response
Explanation:
Unconditioned response
it is referred to that unlearned response which is produced to some unlearned stimulus in the environment. In simple words, when any stimulus which unlearned or unconditioned occurred in the environment then in response to this unlearned stimulus, the unlearned response has produced.
Research indicates that ____ is/are a general indicator of an organized family life and positive parent involvement
1. father-headed households2. affluence3. regular mealtimes4. mother-headed households
Answer:
I would say regular mealtimes.
Explanation:
It is really important to have a schedule that the children know they can follow. And eating and the socialization that takes place during the dinner time is the most important thing a family can do together. I worked with deaf children and I know that this time is the most valuable time for a family. Money does not matter as long as a family has their basic needs covered. and father and mother in the home is important but if they are never spending time with their children then it does not help as much. Therefore, dinner time together as a family is the best thing you can do to keep a positive parental involvement.
A narrative account of the experiences of the men who flew on B-17 bombers during World War II would be researched in which of these social sciences?
Answer:
history
Explanation:
A narrative account of the experiences of the men who flew on B-17 bombers during World War II researched in field of history.
Asian and Mexican immigrants in the early twentieth century: Select one: a. clustered in the South as agricultural workers. b. clustered in the West as agricultural workers. c. were much more welcome than European immigrants. d. were prohibited from entering the United States. ""
Answer: Clustered in the West as agricultural workers.
Explanation: Asians and Mexicans migrating to the USA in the 20th century were mainly Agricultural workers as agricultural was very common practice in the West and it was the easiest job to acquire at that time.
Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?
The experimental result of Dear Aunt Jane experiment caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention.
Explanation:According to Broadbent's filter model of attention, an individual is likely to select pieces of information and then the rest of the information is filtered out. That is, the individual will be able to recall only a part of information and not the rest. The information is selected on the basis of the physical characteristics. These may include colour, shape, location or in case of auditory information, loudness of the message.
But in 1960, Gray Wedderburns conducted an experiment which contradicted the results presented by Broadbent's filter model of attention. The Dear Aunt Jane experiment showed that an individual is able to understand a portion of information that he/she did not pay attention to. For example, if a person is sitting in the middle of two people who are talking into his/her ear, he/or she will be able to filter in the information that was selected early for processing as well as a portion of information that was not paid attention to.
Final answer:
Inattentional blindness, evidenced by studies such as Simons and Chabris's selective attention test, showed that salient stimuli can be missed when not the focus of attention, challenging Broadbent's filter model.
Explanation:
The experimental result that caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention was the observation of inattentional blindness, as demonstrated in the studies by Simons and Chabris (1999). Their famous selective attention test, where participants failed to notice an unexpected stimulus (a person in a gorilla costume) while focusing on counting basketball passes, challenges Broadbent's notion that attention acts as a simple filter that only allows attended stimuli to be processed. Instead, these results suggest that our perception of the environment is significantly influenced by what we selectively attend to, and unattended stimuli can be completely missed even if they are salient.