Answer:
"It increases the mutation rate" is an advantage of sexual reproduction
Explanation:
The basic thing of evolution is fundamental, as it helps in generation of genetic variation on which the selection can act. Sexual reproduction leads to genetic diversity, and this genetic diversity leads to increase the mutation rate. Genetic diversity occurs because of two various cells which are combining together and biological assortment which happens at the time of cell division. Neutral genetic diversity in the population leads to high mutation rate.
What changes occurred in the surroundings of the species from Hyracotherium to Equus?
The changes that occurred in the surroundings of the species from Hyracotherium to Equus are young shoots of trees and shrubs to tough leaves of grasses and wooded swampy areas to plains.
Explanation:
Hyracotherium is the fossil horse which is extinct. It was small and had teeth that were adapted to browsing on young shoots of trees and shrubs. It was adapted to live in wooded swampy areas where more toes were an advantage.
Equus is the present day horse or the modern horse. It is much larger and has larger teeth that are adapted to grazing on the tough leaves of grasses. The single hoofed toes of the present day horse allow it to travel fast in the plains.
The changes that can be associated with surroundings of the species from Hyracotherium to Equus are the presence of young shoots of trees and shrubs.
What are Hyracotherium?
Hyracotherium serves as genus of lower Eocene perissodactylous mammals having the size of a fox having four-toed forelimbs.
They are among the earliest ancestors of the modern horse, however, changes occurred in the surroundings of the species from Hyracotherium to Equus is the tough leaves of grasses around it.
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| WILL MARK AS BRAINLIST IF THE ANSWER IS CORRECT | True of False. When you go up a flight of stairs, you have the same amount of POWER whether you go up them fast or slow.
Jen makes a Venn diagram to compare active transport and passive transport
Answer:
Explanation: Active transport uses energy (ATP) for the moving the molecules in and out of the cellular membranes and therefore remain active, while in passive transport the molecules do not use energy for their movements and so the name is given as passive.
Active transport requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP to move substances against a concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require any energy and permits substances to move naturally from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Explanation:The fundamental difference between active transport and passive transport involves the need for energy. Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move molecules against a concentration gradient - often through a membrane protein structure that functions as a pump. A known example is the sodium-potassium pump that uses energy to transport sodium out of and potassium into cells, both against their concentration gradient.
On the other hand, passive transport, does not require energy. Substances move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without the use of ATP or any form of energy. Passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion are two examples of passive transport.
In active transport, substances usually move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, which is often termed as moving 'uphill'. The cell needs to expend energy in the form of ATP for this process. Passive transport happens naturally and does not require energy, as substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, going 'downhill'.
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Cathy is using a high-powered microscope to look at a leaf. What does she see?
Answer:
Cells!
Explanation:
If you were studying the causes of cancer, which topic might interest you?
Question 15 options:
cyclin-dependent kinases
centromere structure
spindle-fiber structure
cell membranes
Answer:
If I were studying the causes of cancer, the topic which might interest me is "The topic of spindle-fibre structure.".
Explanation:
In cell division, the accurate segregation of chromosomes is coordinated with the complex structure of spindle fibre in cell. The mitiotic structure is consisted of two apparatus, one is centrosomes and the other is microtubules. Mitiotic spindle is formed during the polymerization process of the microtubules in centrosome. Any kind of disruption in the structure of the microtubules causes aberration in the spindle fibre structure and error in the number of chromosomes. This change is one of the major causes of developing cancer.
what is molecule what is atom what is chemistry
Explanation:
A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of the chemical compund and that it can take part in a chemical reaction.
An atom is the smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It is also a unit of matter that has a characteristic properties of the chemical element. The atom is the basic building block of chemistry.
Chemistry is the science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substances.
if the genetic code used four bases as a code instead of three how many code units could be encoded? and why?
If the genetic code used four bases as a code instead of three then 256 units could be encoded.
Explanation:
There are 4 DNA bases that can make up the hereditary code. On the off chance that the codon for every amino corrosive was comprised of just 2 bases, just 16 unique codons would be conceivable.
Given:
1 Bases = [tex]4[/tex] DNA bases
2 Bases = [tex]4^2 = 16[/tex] DNA bases
3 Bases = [tex]4^3 = 64[/tex] DNA bases
4 Bases = [tex]4^4 = 256[/tex] DNA bases
Unmistakably this isn't sufficient. Be that as it may if every ha a codon made up of 3 bases (similar to the case) there are 64 potential blends which are all that could possibly be needed.
So for 4 bases, just 256 unique codons would be conceivable.
What di eukaryotes most likely evolve from?
O A DNA
O B. Prokaryotes
Ốc Molecular potions
OD Bacteria
Answer:
Prokaryotes.
Explanation:
Most of the Eukaryotes most likely to evolve from the Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are basically unicellular organisms that lack internal membrane-bound structures. So, they do not carry nucleus and generally have a single chromosome. Most of them have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane, which is a thin layer of lipid that completely surrounds the cell. Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission method.
What is the correct sequence of events in the field of molecular biology?
1.Friedrich Miescher conducted experiments to identify nuclein as the building blocks of life.
2.Gregor Mendel published his results to prove the Laws of Inheritance.
3.James Watson and Francis Crick proposed a model of DNA containing two linear strands of DNA.
4.Frederick Sanger developed a method for sequencing DNA.
Answer: In the field of molecular biology the correct sequence of events are as follows:
1. Gregor Mendel proves the Laws of Inheritance in 1865.
2. Friedrich Miescher conducted experiments to identify nuclein as the building blocks of life in 1869.
3. James Watson and Francis Crick presented a model of DNA in 1953.
4. Frederick Sanger developed a method for sequencing DNA in 1977.
In molecular biology, the key events include Mendel's presentation of the laws of inheritance, Miescher's discovery of 'nuclein', now known as DNA, Watson and Crick's proposal of the DNA structure, and Sanger's development of a DNA sequencing method.
Explanation:The field of molecular biology focuses on the interactions and processes within cells. In regards to the timeline of major events, the correct order is as follows:
Gregor Mendel published his results proving the Laws of Inheritance.Friedrich Miescher conducted experiments to identify nuclei, now known as DNA, as the primary constituents of life.James Watson and Francis Crick proposed a model of DNA structure, highlighting two linear strands.Frederick Sanger developed a crucial method for sequencing DNA.Learn more about Molecular Biology here:https://brainly.com/question/19138651
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A desalination plant is set up in a bay to provide fresh, drinkable water by removing salt from ocean water and returning the removed salt to the bay. How might the resulting increase in salinity in the bay affect the fish populations? (2 points)
Temperatures would decrease making a more suitable environment for fish populations.
The food sources available to the fish populations would increase.
Low levels of dissolved oxygen would increase.
Fish populations of all the species already living there would increase.
Answer:
Removing salt from ocean water and returning the removed salt to the bay. The resulting increase in salinity in the bay affect the fish populations because low levels of dissolved oxygen would increase.
Explanation:
Desalination plants work by reverse osmosis, meaning energy is needed to push water past a membrane at high pressure in order to separate the salt (learn more how it works). A typical plant takes an average of 10 to 13 kilowatt hours of energy per every thousand gallons processed.
Answer:
Low levels of dissolved oxygen would increase.
Explanation:
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what are the two modes through which the hypothalamus causes the release of hormones by pituitary gland?
Answer:
Explanation:
There are two sets of nerve cells in the hypothalamus that produce hormones. One set sends the hormones they produce down through the pituitary stalk to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland where these hormones are released directly into the bloodstream. These hormones are anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin.
The hypothalamus influences the pituitary gland's hormone release through hormonal and neural stimuli, involving releasing/inhibiting hormones for the anterior pituitary and direct secretion of hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin for the posterior pituitary.
The two modes through which the hypothalamus causes the release of hormones by the pituitary gland are hormonal stimuli and neural stimuli. The hormonal stimuli involve the hypothalamus producing hormones that stimulate the anterior portion of the pituitary gland to release other hormones regulating different endocrine glands. On the other hand, the neural stimuli method involves the neurons of the hypothalamus synthesizing hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin (or Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)), which are sent directly to the posterior portion of the pituitary gland and secreted into the bloodstream.
In the first mode, the hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that travel through capillaries to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulating it to either release or stop releasing various pituitary hormones. For example, thyroid-stimulating hormone, released by the anterior pituitary, then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones T3 and T4. The second mode is characterized by direct hormonal influence, where hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin produced by hypothalamic neurons travel via the infundibulum directly to the posterior part of the pituitary gland.
Why is it commonly believed that carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming? Select 2 options. Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth’s atmosphere have been steadily decreasing. Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth’s atmosphere have been steadily increasing. Carbon has a longer average lifetime in the atmosphere. Carbon has a shorter average lifetime in the atmosphere. Other greenhouse gases amplify the effect of carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Option B and D are correct as the Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth’s atmosphere have been steadily increasing and other greenhouse gases amplify the effect of carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
As we all are aware that increasing rate of carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming. Scientists note that the average temperature on Earth is increasing over time. They believe that a contributing factor is the greenhouse effect.
This effect is caused by the formation of greenhouse gases, such as methane, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. Increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is considered to be the cause of global warming and climate change. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone are main green house gases.
Carbon dioxide is steadily increasing in the atmosphere over hundreds of years and it has a longer life span than most of the gases.
Option B and C
Explanation:Carbon dioxide is the most prominent greenhouse gas of atmosphere. It is very much responsible for increasing the temperature of Earth's surface by capturing the long wave infrared lights emitted by Earth's surface.
Due to industrial revolution, various natural calamities and huge increase in population over the last few centuries, amount of carbon dioxide is increasing in atmosphere significantly. And the half life of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is around 200 years which is much more than other significant greenhouse gases. This leads to the significant contribution of carbon dioxide to greenhouse effect.
what's the purpose of a punnet square
Answer:
Punnet square helps in predicting genetic outcome of a cross. or Finding the phenotype ration for a cross
its based on the question u got on apex .
Explanation:
The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. The Punnet square is a tabular summary of possible combinations of maternal alleles with paternal alleles. ... The Punnet square is a visual representation of Mendelian inheritance.
Answer:
a punnett square shows the probability that the parents off spring will have a certain phenotype be cross the parents two genotypes
further Explanation:
so a punnett square take two parents and crosses them to calculate the chance you will get a certain phenotype by drawing a square and splitting it into four quarter you take the dads two genotypes and put them on the top of the square and you put the moms on the side now that you have the parents genotypes labeled you cross them the letters are there alleles so if you have a upper case allele then it is dominant meaning the offspring get the dominant trait (phenotype) now if you have two lower case letters then the offspring get the non-dominant trait (phenotype) so Bb is gets a dominant trait BB is a dominant trait but bb is a non dominant trait the way you cross them is say you have BBxbb here's what the chart will look like
B B
b Bb Bb
b Bb Bb
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How does static electricity result in cloud-to-ground lightning
Answer:
When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark - lightning - occurs between the two charges within the cloud. This is like a static electricity sparks you see, but much bigger. Most lightning happens inside a cloud, but sometimes it happens between the cloud and the ground.
Explanation:
Final answer:
Static electricity results in cloud-to-ground lightning by creating a large electric field between the cloud, acting as one plate of a capacitor, and the ground. The discharge process involves a downward step-leader followed by an upward return stroke which we observe as lightning.
Explanation:
Static electricity leads to cloud-to-ground lightning due to the charge separation within the cloud and between the cloud and the ground. During an electrical storm, the cloud and the ground can be likened to a parallel-plate capacitor. The bottom of the cloud accumulates negative charges through frictional electricity caused by collisions of ice particles in the upper atmosphere. These negative charges repel negative charges on the Earth's surface, inducing a net positive charge below the thunderstorm. When the electric field's magnitude between the cloud and ground exceeds the critical value (Ec), the air gets ionized, and lightning can occur.
The lightning discharge process begins with a stream of electrons, known as a step-leader, descending towards the ground in a branching, ionized channel. When this step-leader nears the ground, a positively charged return stroke moves upwards to meet it. This creates a conducting path that allows for a massive transfer of electrons from cloud to ground and results in the bright flash and thunder that characterizes a lightning strike. The process can repeat numerous times along the same path in a single lightning strike, making lightning appear to flicker.
A human adult has approximately 37 trillion (3.7 x 1013) cells in their body. Each cell has roughly 6.5 picograms (6.5 x 10-12 grams) of DNA.
How much DNA (in grams) is in an adult human’s body? (Show your work)
240.5 gram DNA is in an adult human’s body.
Explanation:
DNA is the genetic material in human body. It is given that each human cell has approximately 6.5 picograms of DNA. It is also given that there are 37 trillion cells in the body.
We have to calculate the amount of DNA in human body.
Number of cells=37 trillion = [tex]3.7 \times 10^1^3[/tex]
Amount of DNA per cell= 6.5 picogram = [tex]6.5 \times 10^-^1^2g[/tex]
Total amount of DNA in body= [tex]3.7 \times 10^1^3 \times 6.5 \times 10^-^1^2[/tex]
=240.5 g
Final answer:
To find the total amount of DNA in an adult human body, multiply 37 trillion cells by 6.5 picograms per cell and convert to grams. The result is approximately 240.5 grams of DNA.
Explanation:
To calculate the total amount of DNA in an adult human body, we will multiply the number of cells by the amount of DNA per cell. According to the question, an adult has approximately 37 trillion cells, and each cell has roughly 6.5 picograms of DNA. To find the total DNA in grams, we proceed as follows:
Total DNA (in grams) = number of cells ×amount of DNA per cell
Total DNA (in grams) = 37 trillion cells × 6.5 picograms/cell
We then convert the number of cells to a numerical value and picograms to grams:
Total DNA (in grams) = (3.7 × 10¹³ cells) × (6.5 ×10⁻¹² grams/cell)
Now, we multiply these two values:
Total DNA (in grams) = 3.7× 6.5 ×10¹³ × 10⁻¹²
Total DNA (in grams) = 24.05 10¹
Total DNA (in grams) = 240.5 grams
Therefore, the correct answer is that an adult human body contains approximately 240.5 grams of DNA.
____ON 6 _______ is a measure of the different types of organisms in a community. diversity population genetics none of the above
Diversity
measures individuals sex, race etc. helps to know each organism separately.
what does selectively permeable mean?
Answer:
Selectively permeable means a membrane allows the passage of some molecules or ions and inhibits the passage of others.
Explanation:
Hope that helps :)
Answer:
Selective permeable means- to allow some molecules to pass and inhibit other molecules.
Explanation: The capacity to filter molecules to transport in or out of the cell is selective permeability.
Selective permeable membrane facilitates passage of specific molecules on the basis of some specific criteria. This kind of transport is ACTIVE TRANSPORT and requires energy.
Example is lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. It has both semipermeable abd selective permeable quality. The semipermeable layer allows passage of uncharged solutes. Lipid soluble molecules as fat soluble vitamins and some hormones can pass through the hydrophilic layer. Water can pass through the semipermeable membrane by osmosis and carbon dioxide and oxygen can pass through diffusion from this semipermeable membrane.
But for polar molecule, small ions, it is not easy to pass through this lipid bilayer. They passed through the transmembrane channels. Other large molecules pass through active transport. In active transport energy is required in the form of ATP.
the Plasma membrane forms a what between the inside and outside of the cell?
Plasma membrane forms a stable barrier.
Explanation:Cell membrane is a thin flexible membrane, it is present in every living cell.It is also known as plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane. This membrane is selectively permeable to organic molecules and ions. It is made up of proteins and lipidsThis membrane forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments i.e. to separate the inside of cells from the outside. Cell membrane separates the cytoplasm of the cell from the surroundings.Result: Plasma membrane act as a barrier to protect the cell content from the surroundings.
Final answer:
The plasma membrane acts as a selective barrier between a cell's cytoplasm and the external environment, strictly controlling what substances can enter or leave the cell, thereby maintaining homeostasis.
Explanation:
The plasma membrane, often referred to as the cell membrane, plays a critical role in cellular function. It forms a selective barrier between the internal cytoplasm and the external environment of the cell. As such, the plasma membrane enables the cell to maintain a stable internal environment, also known as homeostasis, by controlling what enters and exits the cell. This selective barrier features selective permeability, meaning it only allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others, maintaining the delicate balance necessary for the cell's survival.
Composed mainly of a bilayer of phospholipids along with proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, the plasma membrane's structure is essential for its function. The hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads of phospholipids face outward and inward toward the water-rich environments, while the hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails face each other, forming the membrane's interior. This arrangement creates a semi-permeable membrane, with protein channels and transporters that assist in the selective movement of molecules.
Help me please and thanks
Answer:
In the process of nitrogen fixation, the decomposers convert free nitrogen into ammonia so that it can be used again by the plants in the soil. So the answer is 'A'.
Explanation:
Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen is converted into other organic forms and then broken down again to carry out the cycle again.
All the organisms use a fixed form of nitrogen to produce amino acids. The cycle helps the plants by providing them with ammonium. Nitrogen Fixation is carried out by bacteria, decomposers etc. When the nitrogen is fixed and utilized, the decomposers help in breaking down proteins in the excreta and bodies of dead organisms, converting it back into ammonia for the plants to use. In short, they carry out the recycling process.
22 points!
One way to find out answers to questions is to conduct a step-by-step, controlled experiment using the _________
Answer:
Scientific method
Through the process of simple diffusion, materials move across a cell membrane
A.
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
B.
from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
C.
between areas of equal concentration.
D.
all of these
Answer:
The correct answer is A from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Explanation:
Diffusion is one of the most important membrane transport process which helps in the transport of small molecules and gases across the plasma membrane from higher concentration region to the region of low concentration until the concentration of the transported molecule becomes equal at both sides.
As the molecule move along the concentration gradient no external energy is needed to carry out simple diffusion.
Answer:
A. from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Explanation:
Through the process of simple diffusion, materials move across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The direction of movement can be into or out of the cell depending on the concentration of materials on either side of the membrane.
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A segment of a DNA strand is GTC TAG. Which of
strand is GTC TAG. Which of the following is the complementary DNA
strand?
GTC TAG
GUC UTG
CAG AUC
CAG ATC
Answer:
CAG ATC
Explanation:
DNA is the genetic material of most living cells. A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine). Each of these chains is known as the DNA strand making the DNA molecule double-stranded. Hydrogen bonds between the bases of the nucleotide hold the two chains together.
An hydrogen bond holds two nucleotides together using the COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING RULE, which states that Adenine base (A) will always hydrogen bond to Thymine base (T) while Guanine base (G) will always hydrogen bond to Cytosine base (C) in a DNA molecule. This is responsible for the double-helical structure of the DNA. Based on this principle, a DNA molecule with sequence: GTC TAG will have a complementary strand with sequence: CAG ATC.
What are chloroplasts? What is chlorophyll a? What role does it play in photosynthesis?
Answer:
They implement oxygen carbon dioxide and sun light radiations.....choloroplat is the greeny clr in the leaves.
Explanation:
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Chloroplasts are specialized units in plant and algal cells responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll a for light capture.
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant and algal cells with the distinctive role of conducting photosynthesis. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll a, which is essential for capturing light energy. The structure of chloroplasts, including their membranes and thylakoids, enhances the efficiency of photosynthesis. Thylakoids are stacked in grana to increase the surface area for light absorption. Membranes house components necessary for the electron transport chain and provide a compartmentalized environment for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chlorophyll a absorbs light energy and emits an electron, starting the process of an electron transport chain. Electron carriers, such as the molecules NADP+ and ATP, are then used to transport energy around the cell, particularly in the synthesis of organic molecules in the Calvin cycle. The electron transport chain is essential for converting light energy into chemical energy, stored in ATP and NADPH, used to produce sugars from carbon dioxide.
Currents that occur in Deep water are
Wind driven
Continental
Corliois waves
Thermohaline
Answer:
Thermohaline
Explanation:
Ocean currents are very deep and can go many thousand meters under the water. These currents influence the water density. This fenomenon s known as thermohaline circulation.
Thermohaline circulation serves to mix and transport the water in the ocean.These circulation is caused by sinking surface water.
Answer:
Currents that occur in Deep water are:
Thermohaline.Explanation:
The circulation called Termohaline refers to the currents that occur in the depths of the oceans due to the difference in salinity or heat between the waters (hence its name, since thermos is the Greek root for hot), this occurs since as the temperature of a flow of water increases, its density decreases, when this occurs, this water tends to rise while the denser water drops, this cycle of events allows for marine currents.
lifecycle of plasmodium in human host
Life cycle of plasmodium in human host consists of 7-10 days survival, causing infection and eradication after getting treatment.
Explanation:Plasmodium is the malaria parasite that causes malaria in humans. The parasite requires two hosts so the life cycle of the parasite includes vertebrates and insect hosts. The life cycle begins from a blood-feeding insect and then into a human host.
When a blood-feeding insect, say a female Anopheles mosquito, makes contact with a human body, it injects parasites in the form of 'sporozoites' into the body. This makes human the second host. The sporozoites then travel through the blood stream and enter lever where they first begin to multiply asexually. This continues for 7 to 10 days without any evidence of symptoms. Then they begin to multiply in red blood cells and continue until the cell bursts. 'Merozoites' are released after each cell break that continue the cycle of multiplication and infect the other red blood cells. Humans spike fever when parasites break free and enter bloodstream, showing the symptoms of Malaria.
What are the three groups of animals in
Aristotle's classification system?
Land, Water and Air are the three sub-groups of animals in Aristotle's classification system. He also classified on basis of red blood cells and without red blood cells.
Explanation:Aristotle is very popular in ancient Greece and he is very popular in the field of biology and mathematics. He divided the living organisms into two classes called the Plants and the Animals. He divided the animals into two classes – one which contains red blood cells and the other which didn’t contain any red blood cells.
He also noticed that most of the organisms which contained red blood cells are vertebrates i.e they contained a body vertebral column in their back. So they were called as vertebrates and the others were called as invertebrates.
What is the relationship between a chromosome and DNA?
Chromosomes are made of DNA.
DNA is made of chromosomes.
ODNA manufactures chromosomes.
Chromosomes manufacture DNA.
Answer:
Chromosomes are made of DNA
Explanation:
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Describe the first interaction that triggers signaling to begin in a target cell
Answer:
Explanation :At first, the activated receptor relates with G proteins molecules in the cell.
before the ultimate physiological effect of the ligand on the cell's behavior is produced Therefore, the cellular signaling starts as soon as the first messenger (the ligand) binds to its receptor.
Cell signaling is the fundamental process in which a piece of certain information is transferred from the cell surface to the cell's nucleus. The first process in the triggering of the target cell is its ability to bind to the specific ligand.
Cells communicate through chemical signals. These signals are generally proteins or other molecules produced by the sending cells. The molecule is then released in the extracellular matrix, where they float until reaching the target cell.
The target cell must possess a receptor to bind with the incoming signal molecule. The binding of receptors and signaling molecules alters the shape and initiates the series of chemical reactions in the cell. The ligands are usually the signaling molecules, which bind to specific receptors.
Therefore, the first interaction that triggers the signaling to begin target cell response is the binding of ligand to the specific receptor.
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Name 2 limiting factors as depth increases in the benthic zone
Answer:
As depth increases in the benthic zone, there is a high pressure and limited light.
Explanation:
Benthic zone begins at the shoreline and extends downwards with the continental shelf. The benthic zone covers 70% of all earth. It can host ecosystems such as a coral reef and kelp forest. In some parts of the benthic zone, at a deeper water zone, there is high pressure, low temperature and low sunlight.
Pressure: As depth increases in the benthic zone, pressure also increases. High pressure in the zone makes a homogeneous environment and lack of oxygen develop anaerobic zone formation.
Light: In deep waters (between 200 and 1000 m), light is unable to penetrate to the lower level. Insufficient light leads toward a low photosynthesis rate which is the reason that food source comes from dead and decaying organisms drifting down from upper layers. This condition also leads to the formation of anaerobic conditions.
Two factors that limit life in the benthic zone as depth increases are the availability of light for photosynthesis and the increase in pressure.
Explanation:Two limiting factors associated with increased depth in the benthic zone include light availability and pressure. First, light availability decreases as depth increases, affecting the ability of organisms to carry out photosynthesis. This results in fewer plant species and a distinct shift in the types of organisms found in these deeper areas.
Secondly, the pressure increases significantly in the benthic zone as depth increases, which can affect the physiology of many organisms. It makes the survival hard for them.
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Fill in the blank: Traits an organism develops during its lifetime are called ____________________ traits.
Acquired traits
Explanation:
The traits an organism develops during its lifetime are called acquired traits.
They are different from inherited traits in which organisms directly obtain from their parents.
Acquired traits are developed with time by an organism as a result of environmental influences. Inherited traits are passed from one generation to another. Acquired traits are non-inheritable and cannot be passed from generations to another.Learn more:
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