42.5 grams of an unknown substance is heated to 105.0 degrees Celsius and then placed into a calorimeter containing 110.0 grams of water at 24.2 degrees Celsius. If the final temperature reached in the calorimeter is 32.4 degrees Celsius, what is the specific heat of the unknown substance?

Show or explain the work needed to solve this problem, and remember that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/(°C x g).

The given reactions are balanced, with the first reaction not requiring any adjustment and the second reaction being balanced as 2CrO42-(aq) + 3N2O(g) → 6Cr3+(aq) + 3NO(g). The oxiding agents are ClO3¯ and CrO42- for the first and second reactions, respectively. The reducing agents are BH4¯ and N2O for the first and second reactions, respectively.

First, it's essential to know that during oxido-reduction reactions, one substance loses electrons (oxidized) and another gains them (reduced). We call the substance oxidized to be the reducing agent and the one reduced to be the oxidizing agent.

For the first reaction BH4¯(aq) + ClO3¯(aq) → H2BO3¯(aq) + Cl¯(aq), there aren't any charges or states of matter to be balanced. Analyzing the oxidation states, the B in BH4¯ goes from -3 to +3, showing it has been oxidized. Thus, BH4¯ is the reducing agent. ClO3¯ reduces to Cl¯, thus ClO3¯ is the oxidizing agent.

Moving on to the second reaction CrO42-(aq) + N2O(g) → Cr3+(aq) + NO(g), balance the equation first by adjusting coefficients to get 2CrO42-(aq) + 3N2O(g) → 6Cr3+(aq) + 3NO(g). This reaction is in an acidic solution, so it's important to note that hydroxide ions do not appear in half-reactions occurring in an acidic solution. SO, in this reaction too, Cr in CrO42- goes from +6 to +3, signifying reduction, making CrO42- the oxidizing agent. N in N2O goes from +1 to +2 which signifies oxidation, marking N2O as the reducing agent.

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The elements with the least chances to attract electrons from the other atoms are group 1 elements. Thus option A is correct.

The elements attract or lose electrons in order to attain a stable configuration. The system has been based on the number of valence electrons in the atom.

The atom with the least electronegativity has the changes to give up the electrons, and the least chance to attract the electrons from the other atoms.

The group 1 elements have 1 valence electrons, and thus have the high chances to give the electron, with the least chances to attract electrons from the other compounds. Thus option A is correct.

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Titration is the process that measures the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration.

The process that measures the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is called titration. Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis method that involves measuring the volume of a reactant solution required to completely react with the analyte in a sample. The volume of the titrant solution is used to calculate the concentration of the analyte using the stoichiometry of the titration reaction.

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CaCO₃ will precipitate when aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate  and calcium chloride are mixed

There are two types of chemical reactions that may occur.

namely single-replacement reactions and double-replacement reactions.

1. A single replacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which one element replaces the other elements of a compound to produce new elements and compounds

Not all of these reactions can occur. We can use the activity series, which is a list of elements that can replace other elements below / to the right of them in a single replacement reaction.

This series is better known as the Volta series, where the metal element with a more negative electrode potential is on the left, while the element with a more positive electrode potential on the right.

The more left the position of a metal in the series, the more reactive metal (easy to release electrons, the stronger the reductor)

Generally, the Volta series used is

Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au

Example:

2Al (s) + 3Zn (NO₃) ₂ (aq) → 2Al (NO₃) ₃ (aq) + 3Zn (s)

The existing aluminum element can replace the zinc element, which is on the right side so the reaction will occur.

2. Double-Replacement reactions. Happens if there is an ion exchange between two ion compounds in the reactant to form two new ion compounds in the product

To predict whether this reaction can occur or not is one of them, the precipitation reaction. A precipitation reaction occurs if two ionic compounds which are dissolved reacted to produce one of the products of the ion compound does not dissolve. Formation of these precipitating compounds that cause reactions can occur

Solubility Rules:

All compounds of Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, and NH4 +

All compounds of NO₃⁻ and C₂H₃O₂⁻

Compounds of Cl−, Br−, I− except Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺

Compounds of SO₄²⁻ except Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺

Compounds of CO₃²⁻ and PO₄³⁻ except for Compounds of Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, and NH₄ +

Compounds of OH− except Compounds of Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, NH₄⁺, Sr²⁺, and Ba²⁺

In reaction:

sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

Na₂CO₃ (aq) + CaCl₂ (aq) ⇒ 2NaCl (aq) + CaCO₃ (s)

The precipitated compound is CaCO₃ so that Double-Replacement reactions between Na₂CO₃ and CaCl₂ can occur

A double-replacement equation

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the reducing agent

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substance loses electrons in a chemical reaction

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An alkene is a hydrocarbon with one or more carbon-carbon double covalent bonds, and is the correct answer to the question.

An alkene is a hydrocarbon with one or more carbon-carbon double covalent bonds. Alkenes have the general formula CnH2n assuming non-cyclic structures. They can be represented by the formula RCH=CHR', where R and R' are any atoms or groups of atoms attached to the carbons.

An alkyne is a hydrocarbon with one or more carbon-carbon triple covalent bonds. Alkynes have the general formula CnH2n-2, and can be represented by the formula RC≡CR', where R and R' are any atoms or groups of atoms attached to the carbons.

Based on these definitions, the hydrocarbon that contains one double bond somewhere in the carbon chain is an alkene.

Answer:

The radioactive element will be left at 2 p.m. will be 0.25 g.

Explanation:

Half life of the radioactive element =[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}=1 hour[/tex]

Initial concentration of the radioactive element = [tex]N_o[/tex]=1.0 g

Time elapsed = 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm = 2 hours

Concentration of radioactive element left = N

[tex]\lambda =\frac{0.693}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}=\frac{0.693}{1 hr}=0.693 hr^{-1}[/tex]

[tex]\log N=\log N_o-\frac{\lambda t}{2.303}[/tex]

Putting the given values in the above equation we get:

N = 0.25 gram

The radioactive element will be left at 2 p.m. will be 0.25 g.

Answer: A=2,  B=2 and  C=4

Explanation: Oxygen is the element with atomic number 8 and thus contains 8 electrons which are filled in order of increasing energy levels.

[tex]O:8:1s^22s^22p^4[/tex]

The valence electrons are electrons which are present in the valence shell i.e. the last shell. Thus the valence electrons of Oxygen are in shell 2 in which s orbital contains two electrons and the p orbital contains 4 electrons.

Thus A= 2, B=2 and C=4.

Answer:

The correct number of valance electrons in the electronic configuration of Oxygen is:

A=2, B=2, and C=4

Explanation:

The atomic number of oxygen is 8

The electronic configuration will be,

[tex]\rm O_8\rightarrow1s_2,2s_2,2p_4[/tex]

The electrons present in the outermost shell is called valence electrons.

Hence, in the second shell, the s-orbital contains 2 electrons and the p-orbital contains 4 electrons.

If all the electrons in the outermost shell are removed the first shell becomes a valance shell where 2 electrons are present in the s-orbital.

Therefore correct valence electron configuration is 2,2,4.

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Final answer:

Adding reactants to a chemical reaction at equilibrium will cause an increase in the concentration of products as the system shifts to the right to re-establish equilibrium. The equilibrium constant remains the same, indicating the ratio of products to reactants remains constant at the new equilibrium state.

Explanation:

When additional reactants are added to a chemical reaction that is in equilibrium, the system will respond according to Le Chatelier's Principle. The concentration of the products will increase as the reaction shifts to the right in an effort to re-establish equilibrium by converting the added reactants into products. The equilibrium is said to be 'shifted to the products' or 'shifted to the right' as a result of this stress.

In a specific example, if more Fe is added to a reaction at equilibrium, the concentration of products would increase as the reaction consumes some of the added Fe to form more product. Similarly, if H₂O is removed from an equilibrium mixture, the reaction will shift to produce more H₂O, resulting in an increased concentration of H₂O and a reduced concentration of the products that would form when H₂O is used as a reactant. If H₂ is added to the mixture, the reaction will shift to use up the added H₂, leading to an increased production of products and a decrease in H₂ concentration until the new equilibrium is established.

Ultimately, when the system reaches a new equilibrium after the addition of reactants or removal of products, the concentrations of reactants and products will be different from the initial state, but the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction will remain the same. This indicates that at the new equilibrium, the ratio of products to reactants remains constant even though their individual concentrations may have changed.

Answer:

The answer would be A). H2O and OH- are added as needed to the half-reaction equations to make the number of oxygen and hydrogen atoms balance.

The number of moles of HNO3 present is 5.00×10^-2 mol.

In the given neutralization reaction:

Ba(OH)2 (aq) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2H₂O(1)

It's clear that 2 moles of HNO3 are needed to neutralize 1 mole of Ba(OH)2. Therefore, if 2.50×10−2 mol of Ba(OH)2 was needed to neutralize the acid solution, we can calculate the number of moles of HNO3 as follows:

Number of moles of HNO3 = 2.50×10−2 x 2 = 5.00×10−2 mol

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Answer:

B. The temperature of object A is higher than that of object B.      

Explanation:

Thermal energy always transfers from hotter object to colder one. Temperature indicates the hotness and coldness of a body. In a hotter body, molecules move faster and thus, their average kinetic energy would be greater.

If thermal energy will transfer from object A to object B, then the temperature of object A would be higher than that of object B. Also, its molecules would move faster and would have greater average kinetic energy.

The alpha particle emission  is most likely to occur when  the ratio of neutrons to protons  present in the nucleus of an atom is too high to be stable.

An atom can be defined as the smallest unit of matter which then  forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas is made  of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

The protons are positively charged  particles  in an atom and neutrons are neutral in charge  as the charges are cancelled and hence the nucleus is positively charged species. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

Atoms of the same element are similar  to one another as they have  same number of sub- atomic particles which on combining  do not alter the chemical properties of the substances.

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Answer:

The concentration of hydronium ions in solution is [tex]2.75\times 10^{-3} M[/tex].

Explanation:

The pH of the solution is defined as negative logarithm of hydronium ions concentration in a solution. Mathematically written as:

[tex]pH=-\log[H_3O^+][/tex]

Given, the pH of the solution = 2.56

[tex]2.56=-\log[H_3O^+][/tex]

[tex][H_3O^+]=0.002754 M=2.75\times 10^{-3} M[/tex]

The concentration of hydronium ions in solution is [tex]2.75\times 10^{-3} M[/tex].

Among all the given options, the correct option is option B. Spreading of a strong fragrance of perfume in a room is a spontaneous process.

A spontaneous process refers to one that happens by itself, without external energy input. A ball would roll down an incline, water will flow downward, melting ice into water, radioactive elements will degrade, and iron will rust, for instance.

A nonspontaneous process is the opposite of a spontaneous process; it requires the addition of energy to take place. For instance, rust doesn't spontaneously transform back into iron; a daughter isotope cannot return towards its parent state. Spreading of a strong fragrance of perfume in a room is a spontaneous process.

Therefore, the correct option is option B.

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The spontaneous process among the options is the spreading of a strong fragrance of perfume in a room, driven by diffusion. The other processes require external energy to occur and are not spontaneous.

Among the processes listed, the only spontaneous process is the spreading of a strong fragrance of perfume in a room. This is due to the natural tendency of particles to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, a process driven by diffusion.

The other processes mentioned are not spontaneous and require external energy to occur:

The ion formed by nitrogen is N³⁻, also known as a nitride ion. In an ionic compound with aluminum, Al³⁺ forms the cation, and C⁴⁻ forms the anion called the carbide ion.

The correct symbol for the ion formed by nitrogen is N³⁻. Nitrogen, being in group 15 of the periodic table, is a nonmetal and thus forms negative ions, known as anions. A nitrogen atom will gain three electrons to achieve the electron configuration of neon, the next noble gas, resulting in the formation of a nitride ion with a 3- charge.

The maximum mass of carbon dioxide that could be produced by the reaction will be 53 g

From the equation of the reaction:

2C2H6 +7O2 ---> 4CO2 + 6H2O

Mole of 18 g ethane = 18/30

                                 = 0.6 moles

Mole of 85.4 g O2 = 85.4/32

                              = 2.67 moles

mole ratio of ethane and oxygen gas = 2:7

Thus, O2 gas seems to be in excess and C2H6 is the limiting reagent.

Mole ratio of C2H6 and CO2 = 1:2

Equivalent mole of CO2 = 0.6 x 2

                                          = 1.2 moles

Mass of 1.2 moles CO2 = 1.2 x 44.01

                                      = 52.81

                                        = 53 g to 2 significant digits

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The maximum mass of carbon dioxide that could be produced by the chemical reaction is 52.8 g.

To find the maximum mass of carbon dioxide produced in the reaction, we need to determine the limiting reagent, which is the reactant that is completely consumed first. We can do this by comparing the moles of ethane and oxygen and calculating how many moles of carbon dioxide can be produced from each.

First, calculate the number of moles of ethane:

Mass of ethane = 18 g

Molar mass of ethane = 2(12.01 g/mol) + 6(1.01 g/mol) = 30.07 g/mol

Moles of ethane = mass of ethane / molar mass = 18 g / 30.07 g/mol = 0.599 mol

Next, calculate the number of moles of oxygen:

Mass of oxygen = 85.4 g

Molar mass of oxygen = 2(16.00 g/mol) = 32.00 g/mol

Moles of oxygen = mass of oxygen / molar mass = 85.4 g / 32.00 g/mol = 2.67 mol

Now we can compare the mole ratios of ethane and oxygen in the balanced chemical equation:

2 moles of ethane react with 7 moles of oxygen to produce 4 moles of carbon dioxide.

Using the mole ratios, we can calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced:

Moles of carbon dioxide = (0.599 mol ethane) x (4 mol CO2 / 2 mol ethane) = 1.20 mol CO2

Finally, we can calculate the maximum mass of carbon dioxide:

Mass of carbon dioxide = moles of carbon dioxide x molar mass of carbon dioxide = 1.20 mol x 44.01 g/mol = 52.8 g

Therefore, the maximum mass of carbon dioxide that could be produced is 52.8 g, rounded to 2 significant digits.

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Urease is an enzyme.

Enzymes are highly specific in the reactions they catalyze.

Enzymes can typically bind only to the substrate(s) for the reaction they catalyze.

If the solution contains no urea, urease will not bind to any of the substances in the solution, so it will not catalyze any reactions in the solution.

are the answers for edg

Answer:

Anode

Explanation:

A p e x

The guy that said cathode was wrong :(

In PCl₅, P the first element is phosphorus. Cl is the second element chlorine and chlorines ide name is chloride. PCl₅ is called as phosphorus pentachloride.

A crystalline substance that is greenish-yellow in color and has an offensive smell is phosphorus pentachloride. Water breaks it down into heat, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid. This heat may be enough to start nearby combustible stuff on fire.

It is quite similar to identifying basic ionic compounds to name binary (two-element) covalent compounds. The first component of the formula is only the element's name mentioned. By taking the element name's stem and adding the suffix -ide, the second element is given a name.

Prefixes are used to define the number of atoms of each element in a compound's molecule because molecules of molecular compounds might generate compounds with varied ratios of their constituent elements. Ones that come to mind include SF6, sulfur hexafluoride,

Thus,  PCl₅ is called as phosphorus pentachloride.

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