12. Which phrase completes the sentence?
a) the Right to bear arms
b) the Right to a Fair and Speedy trial
c) Freedom of Speech, Religion, and Press
d)Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness

13. Which of these was a common slogan associated with the American Revolution?
a) Remember the Maine!
b)Remember the Alamo
c) Ffity-four forty or Fight!
d) No taxation without representation!

14) All of these are arguments that supported the position of which of these people?
a) Carpetbagger
b) Loyalist
c) Patriot
d) Whig

15) A Loyalist in North America in the 1770s would have MOST LIKELY supported which of these?
a) revolution against the king
b) boycotting British-made goods
c) remaining a part of Great Britian
d) declaring independence from Great Britain

Formulating national security policy today is challenging due to technological and geopolitical factors. Policies provide broad guidelines, while strategies offer specific plans. Foreign policy deals with international relations, and security policy ensures national safety from external threats.

Main Challenges of Drafting a National Security Policy

Drafting a national security policy in today's world presents unique challenges due to the complex global landscape. These challenges include the rapid pace of technological advancements, the rise of cyber threats, transnational terrorism, and shifting geopolitical alliances. Additionally, balancing civil liberties with security measures remains a critical issue.

Difference Between Policy and Strategy

Policy refers to a set of guidelines or principles that govern decision-making and actions. It is a broad, long-term approach to achieving specific goals. In contrast, strategy is a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a specific end within the framework of the policy. Thus, a policy provides the overall direction, while a strategy outlines the steps to get there.

Defining Foreign and Security Policy

Foreign policy involves a nation's strategies and decisions regarding its relationships and interactions with other countries. It aims to protect national interests, promote peace, and foster economic growth. Security policy is a subset of foreign policy focusing on protecting the nation from external threats. This includes military defense, intelligence activities, and counter-terrorism efforts.

In summary, formulating a national security policy today involves understanding technological, geopolitical, and social challenges. Policies govern broadly, while strategies provide specific action plans. Foreign policy encompasses a nation's international relations strategies, with security policy focusing on safeguarding the nation from external threats.

Nanoarchaeum equitans is a single-celled prokaryotic organism that falls under the Archaea domain. It thrives in extreme environments including hot, salt water settings and was first isolated from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean and from a hydrothermal vent at Yellowstone National Park.

The organism in question, Nanoarchaeum equitans, belongs to the domain Archaea. These are single-celled prokaryotic organisms (meaning they lack a distinct cell nucleus). The archaea are highly diverse and known to inhabit all sorts of environments, including extreme ones such as hot salt water settings.

Nanoarchaeum equitans was isolated from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean and from a hydrothermal vent at Yellowstone National Park. Making it an extremophile due to its ability to thrive in these harsh conditions. It is also an obligate symbiont with Ignicoccus, another species of archaea.

The Archaea domain, where the Nanoarchaeum equitans fit in, was recognized in the 1990s as different from other bacteria. Thus, the evidences led to the classification of life into three domains namely: The Eukarya, the Archaea, and the Bacteria.

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Final answer:

Currently, rainforests cover approximately 6% of the Earth's land surface. A hundred years ago, they covered about twice as much, around 14%. This significant reduction over the last century reflects the impact of human activities such as deforestation for agriculture and logging.

Explanation:

Rainforests are one of the most diverse ecosystems on our planet, playing a critical role in global weather patterns and in providing habitat for millions of species. The current coverage of rainforests is drastically less than what it was a century ago due to various anthropogenic factors. These forests are being cleared at an alarming rate for various human needs, including making way for agricultural land, timber extraction, and the expansion of urban areas.

The reduction of rainforest areas not only causes the loss of biodiversity but also has far-reaching impacts on the climate. Rainforests are essential in carbon sequestration, which helps to mitigate the effects of climate change. The loss of large areas of rainforest contributes to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which exacerbates global warming and climate disruption. The comparison between current rainforest coverage and that of 100 years ago underscores the need for more robust conservation efforts and sustainable practices to preserve these vital ecosystems for future generations.

In the aftermath of the Yazoo land fraud and the Civil War in Georgia, land distribution saw the briefest hope for reform with the Freedmen's Bureau efforts. However, President Johnson's policies forced freed people to return lands to white landowners, dashing hopes for land redistribution and continuing economic inequalities.

Land Distribution after the Yazoo Land Fraud

After the Yazoo land fraud, land distribution in Georgia was a contentious issue, especially after the Civil War. The Freedmen's Bureau attempted to redistribute lands to former slaves that had been abandoned and confiscated by the federal government. Nonetheless, the promise of land redistribution was not honored, largely due to opposition from President Andrew Johnson. In 1865, he ordered the return of land to White landowners, effectively ending hopes for land reform. As such, many freed people were pressured to return to work for their former owners as wage laborers, often on the very plantations where they were once enslaved. Over time, a small number of freed people did manage to retain land, but such holdings typically diminished due to being divided among heirs or sold off, perpetuating poverty in the community.

During the Civil War, General Sherman's issuance of Special Field Order No. 15 displayed an intent for land to be set aside for freedpeople, but he did not have the authority for such land confiscation and distribution. Various regional experiments, such as those on the South Carolina Sea Islands, temporarily provided for land redistribution. However, these were atypical and short-lived. By 1867, the Sea Islands experiment was over, and the freedmen were forced to relinquish the lands they held.

It is important to note that land grants were often tied to other issues. For example, in Georgia's early history, after the lift of the ban on slavery, land grants became tied to slave ownership, meaning wealthier individuals could accumulate more land by owning more slaves. This backdrop of land distribution, slavery, and power dynamics was significant in framing the post-Civil War land issues.

Ultimately, the hopes for a significant land redistribution to former slaves in the South – a reconstruction plan meant to offer them compensation for past abuses – were largely unfulfilled. Many freed people ended up in a position of economic dependency, mirroring the precarity of their previous enslaved status.

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Final answer:

The correct answer is D. The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, resulted in a bicameral Congress where states' representation in the lower house, the House of Representatives, would be based on population, and all states would have equal representation in the upper house, the Senate.

Explanation:

The Great Compromise was a pivotal agreement during the Constitutional Convention that established the structure of the U.S. Congress. It combined aspects of the Virginia Plan, which favored large states by proposing representation based on population, and the New Jersey Plan, which favored small states by proposing equal representation for all states regardless of size. This compromise led to the creation of a bicameral legislature with two chambers: the Senate, with equal representation for all states, and the House of Representatives, with representation proportional to each state's population. The goal was to balance the power between states with large and small populations, thereby pleasing both factions and preserving the federal structure of the nation. The Three-Fifths Compromise, although related, specifically addressed the counting of slaves for the purpose of representation and taxation, which is a distinct and separate compromise.

A) began to claim land in North America.                                                                

When you push on an object with the same amount of force on EACH side the object will NOT move

A well-organized country or large group of people. Most modern civilizations have big cities, schools, hospitals, and museums.

The correct answer is The Kingdom of Songhai.

The Kingdom of Songhai was the last of the great Sahelian empires to rule over West Africa before the region was colonized by European powers in the 19th century. It emerged in the 15th century and continued to be a significant power until its defeat by a Moroccan army in 1591. However, parts of the kingdom continued to exist and maintain some level of independence until the 19th century when European colonial powers began to take control of the region.

The Kingdom of Mali was one of the largest empires in West Africa and flourished from the 13th to the 17th century, but it had declined significantly by the 15th century. The Kingdom of Benin was a pre-colonial empire in what is now modern-day Nigeria, and it was at its peak from the 15th to the 17th century. The Kingdom of Ghana, also known as Wagadou, was the first major empire in West Africa and it lasted from the 8th to the 13th century.

Therefore, the Kingdom of Songhai is the one that ruled in West Africa up until the 19th century.

The correct answer is D) by passing unfair tax laws that penalized them.

Whites gained more power over Mexicans who stayed in the United States after the Mexican American War by passing unfair tax laws that penalized them.

After the Mexican-American Revolution, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo gave three options for Mexicans that wanted to stay in the United States territory.  If Mexicans decided to stay and not to leave, they became United States citizens, but the U.S. government was going to decide when and to what extent. The reality was that Mexicans that decided to stay were treated as visitors, not as U.S. citizens. For instance, Mexicans that decided to stay could not vote in that time.

The term GPD refers to the Gross Domestic Product, and it is related to the measures applied to the value of final goods and services in monetary terms. These services are measured in a specific period of time in which are produced by a country.  Also, the GPD becomes an indicator of how well is the economy of a specific country going.

Answer:

C. The Confederation Congress had no power to put down rebellions.

Explanation:

The Confederation Congress was a government of the United States of America that ran from March 1, 1781 until the government under the Constitution became operational on March 4, 1789. This institution, which brought together delegates from the parliaments of the states, was the direct successor to the Second Continental Congress.

When it was created, the confederation congress was weak and inefficient on some points. This brought some problems to the government that was being established, but many of these problems were solved with the country's constitution. As an example of this, the Confederation Congress did not have the power to suppress rebellions, so the Constitution gave the federal government the power to "guarantee domestic tranquility"

Answer: C.

The Confederation Congress had no power to put down rebellions.

I just did it on study island;) have a blessed and safe life everyone <3

Answer:

The answer is a)

Explanation:

1) none of the other answers make sense

2) If you are on edge, you know what you know. I am there for you. I needed the answer to this question, too. And the answer was a).

Answer:

Property rights allow consumers and producers to make free choices.

Explanation:

The Mayflower pilgrims were New England's first permanent residents. In 1620, this group of people moved to Plymouth, Massachusetts.

A group of about 100 persons traveled on the Mayflower in search of religious freedom from the Church of England. On the Mayflower, however, there were other people traveling with the pilgrims. Families looking to start over in America, contract workers, and servants were among the other passengers on the Mayflower.

Some of its passengers were looking for religious freedom, while others were looking for a new beginning in a foreign country. They would eventually become known as the Pilgrims and have a far-reaching impact on the destiny of the United States of America.

Due to the cold and rain, many individuals started to become ill; after all, it was December.

Thus, the Mayflower pilgrims were New England's first permanent residents.

For more information about Pilgrims on the Mayflower, click here:

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They created and nurtured them. Like children, the American colonies grew and flourished under British supervision. Like many adolescents, the colonies rebelled against their parent country by declaring independence. But the American democratic experiment did not begin in 1776. The COLONIES had been practicing limited forms of self-government since the early 1600s.

The great expanse of the Atlantic Ocean created a safe distance for American colonists to develop skills to govern themselves. Despite its efforts to control American trade, England could not possibly oversee the entire American coastline. Colonial merchants soon learned to operate outside British law. Finally, those who escaped religious persecution in England demanded the freedom to worship according to their faiths.

Each of the thirteen colonies had a charter, or written agreement between the colony and the king of England or Parliament. CHARTERS of royal colonies provided for direct rule by the king. A COLONIAL LEGISLATURE was elected by property holding males. But governors were appointed by the king and had almost complete authority — in theory. The legislatures controlled the salary of the governor and often used this influence to keep the governors in line with colonial wishes. The first colonial legislature was the VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES, established in 1619.

When the first PILGRIMS voyaged to the New World, a bizarre twist of fate created a spirit of self-government. These Pilgrims of the Mayflower were bound for Virginia in 1620, but they got lost and instead landed at PLYMOUTH in present-day Massachusetts. Since Plymouth did not lie within the boundaries of the Virginia colony, the Pilgrims had no official charter to govern them. So they drafted the MAYFLOWER COMPACT, which in essence declared that they would rule themselves. Although Massachusetts eventually became a royal colony, the Pilgrims at Plymouth set a powerful precedent of making their own rules that later reflected itself in the town meetings that were held across colonial New England.

Colonial economies operated under MERCANTILISM, a system based on the belief that colonies existed in order to increase the mother country's wealth. England tried to regulate trade, and forbid colonies from trading with other European countries. England also maintained the right to tax the colonies. Both TRADE and TAXATION were difficult for England to control, and so an informal agreement emerged. England regulated trade but allowed colonists the right to levy their own taxes. SMUGGLERS soon exploited the English inability to guard every port by secretly trading against Parliament's wishes.

This delicate agreement was put to test by the FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. The war was expensive, and from the British point of view, colonists should help pay for it, especially considering that England believed it was protecting the colonists from French and Indian threats. The new taxes levied by the Crown nevertheless horrified the colonists. British naval measures to arrest smugglers further incited American shippers. These actions served as stepping stones to the Revolution.

Religious freedom served as a major motivation for Europeans to venture to the American colonies. Puritans and Pilgrims in Massachusetts, QUAKERS in Pennsylvania, and Catholics in Maryland represented the growing RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY in the colonies. Rhode Island was founded as a colony of RELIGIOUS FREEDOM in reaction to zealous Puritans. As a result, many different faiths coexisted in the colonies. This variety required an insistence on freedom of religion since the earliest days of British settlement.