1. 3A + 2B + C + 2D + 20 kJ

a) pressure is decreased_____

b) temperature is raised____

c) D is removed from the system_____

Answer:

Explanation:

The fact that each isotope has one proton makes them all variants of hydrogen: the identity of the isotope is given by the number of protons and neutrons. From left to right, the isotopes are protium (1H) with zero neutrons, deuterium (2H) with one neutron, and tritium (3H) with two neutrons.

Answer:

= 14.24g of [tex](NH4)_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] is required.

Explanation:

Reaction equation:

[tex](NH4)_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] → [tex]2NH_{3} + CO_{2} + H_{2} O[/tex]

Mole ratio of ammonium carbonate to carbon dioxide is 1:1

1 mole of CO2 - 44g

?? mole of CO2 - 6.52g

= 6.52/44 = 0.148 moles was produced from this experiment.

Therefore, if 1 mole of [tex](NH4)_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] - 96.09 g

0.148 mol of [tex](NH4)_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] --  ?? g

=0.148 × 96.09

= 14.24g of [tex](NH4)_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] is required.

Answer:

a Lewis acidic metal center with Lewis basic ligands surrounding it.

Explanation:

A lewis acid is a chemical specie capable of accepting a lone pair of electrons while a lewis base is a chemical specie capable of donating a lone pair of electrons.

In a coordination compound, a lewis acid(central metal atom/ion) accepts electron pairs from lewis bases (ligands). Any chemical specie called a ligand must possess at least one electron pair available for coordinate covalent bonding.

Coordination compounds are usually formed between transition metal atoms/ions and neutral molecules having lone pairs of electrons or anionc species .

The correct option is: A. A coordination complex consists of a Lewis acidic metal center with Lewis basic ligands surrounding it.

A coordination complex features a central metal atom or ion, often a transition metal, functioning as a Lewis acid due to its ability to accept electron pairs.

Surrounding this central metal are ligands, which are molecules or ions that act as Lewis bases by donating electron pairs to the metal. This donor-acceptor interaction leads to the formation of coordinate covalent bonds, creating a stable structure.

The unique properties of the metal and ligands, as well as their interactions, shape the geometry and characteristics of the complex. These properties are crucial for various chemical reactions and biological processes, highlighting the importance of coordination complexes in science.

Complete Question: -

"A coordination complex is made up of ____________."

Then the options should be listed below:
A. a Lewis acidic metal center with Lewis basic ligands surrounding it.
B. an Arrhenius basic metal center with Lewis acidic ligands surrounding it.
C. a transition metal center and alkaline earth metal ligands surrounding it.
D. a Lewis basic metal center with Lewis acidic ligands surrounding it.

Answer:

2 Hertz

Explanation:

The frequency would be 2 Hertz.

The frequency of a wave is defined as the rate at which the particles of a medium vibrates when the wave is passed through it while the period of a wave is the time it takes the particles to make a complete cycle of vibration.

The frequency of a wave is inversely related to its period and is defined by the following equation:

f = 1/t, where f is the frequency (in hertz) and t is the period (in seconds).

Hence, if the period of a ripple is 1/2 or 0.5 seconds, the frequency becomes;

f = 1/0.5 = 2 Hertz

Final answer:

The frequency of a wave with a period of half a second is 2 Hz, meaning it oscillates twice every second.

Explanation:

If the period of a ripple on a lake is half a second, the frequency of the wave is calculated by taking the inverse of the period. Frequency (f) is defined as the number of cycles per unit time. To calculate the frequency when the period (T) is 0.5 seconds, use the formula f = 1/T. This means that the frequency of the wave is 2 Hz (hertz), as f = 1/0.5 s = 2 Hz. Therefore, the wave oscillates twice every second.

Answer:

Check the explanation

Explanation:

As we know the reaction of  EDTA and [tex]Ga^3[/tex]+ and EDTA and [tex]V^3[/tex]+

Let us say that the ratio is 1:1

Therefore, the number of moles of [tex]Ga^3[/tex]+ = molarity * volume

                                    = 0.0400M * 0.011L

                                    = 0.00044 moles

Therefore excess EDTA moles = 0.00044 moles

Given , initial moles of EDTA  = 0.0430 M * 0.025 L

                                        = 0.001075

Therefore reacting moles of EDTA with [tex]V^3+[/tex] = 0.001075 - 0.00044 = 0.000675 moles

Let us say that the ratio between [tex]V^3+[/tex] and EDTA is 1:1

Therefore moles of [tex]V^3+[/tex] = 0.000675 moles

Molarity = moles / volume

                                    = 0.000675 moles / 0.057 L

                                    = 0.011 M (answer).

Diagram is attached

Answer:

The equivalent two-dimensional point lattice for the area-centered hexagon is a rhombus.

Explanation:

The area centered hexagon is illustrated with a centered figure that has dotted center and many other dots around it that connect each other.

In this case, we need to draw the area centered hexagon first.

After drawing, we then connect the centered atoms of the hexagon. This connected centered atoms now form a rhombus like shape

Note: The shape of a rhombus is said to be flat, and it has 4 equal sides.

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

Hydrophobic literally means “the fear of water”. Hydrophobic molecules and surfaces repel water. Hydrophobic liquids, such as oil, will separate from water. Hydrophobic molecules are usually nonpolar, meaning the atoms that make the molecule do not produce a static electric field.

Please see attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.

This protease would likely cleave peptide bonds adjacent to sequences with basic amino acids (P1), followed by hydrophobic residues (P1') such as Arginine-Serine-Leucine (RSL) or Lysine-Valine-Leucine (KVL).

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Answer:

(a) r = 6.26 * 10⁻⁷cm

(b) r₂ = 6.05 * 10⁻⁷cm

Explanation:

Using the sedimentation coefficient formula;

s =  M(1-Vρ) / Nf ; where s is sedimentation coefficient, M is molecular weight, V is specific volume of protein, p is density of the solvent, N is Avogadro number, f if frictional force = 6πnr, n is viscosity of the medium, r is radius of particle

s = M ( 1 - Vρ) / N*6πnr

making r sbjct of formula, r =  M (1 - Vρ) / N*6πnrs

Note: S = 10⁻¹³ sec, 1 KDalton = 1 *10³ g/mol, I cP = 0.01 g/cm/s

r = {(3.1 * 10⁵ g/mol)(1 - (0.732 cm³/g)(1 g/cm³)} / { (6.02 * 10²³)(6π)(0.01 g/cm/s)(11.7 * 10⁻¹³ sec)

r = 6.26 * 10⁻⁷cm

b. Using the formula r₂/r₁ = s₁/s₂

s₂ = 0.035 + 1s₁ = 1.035s₁

making r₂ subject of formula; r₂ = (s₁ * r₁) / s₂ = (s₁ * r₁) / 1.035s₁

r₂ = 6.3 * 10⁻⁷cm / 1.035

r₂ = 6.05 * 10⁻⁷cm

Answer:

The following organelles are common to both plant and animal cells:

(N.B: the other options are peculiar to plant cells only)

Explanation:

Plant and animal cells share similarities in components due to the fact that the are both eukaryotic cells ( having DNA as genetic composition).

The organelles common to both plant and animal cells are the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasm.

The organelles that are common to both plant and animal cells are the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane, which controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, responsible for storing and processing genetic information. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy through cellular respiration. Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell and houses the organelles.

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Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

Please kindly check attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem

The compound  R-12 (CCl2F2) has 32 valance electrons as shown in the Lewis structure attached to this answer.

The Lewis structure of a compound is a structure that shows the valence electrons in a molecule as dots or single lines to represent a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.

The compound  R-12 (CCl2F2) has 32 valence electrons. The arrangement of these valence electrons have been shown in the Lewis structure attached to this answer.

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The heat consumed in the formation of 87.1g of hydrogen gas, according to the given reaction, would be closest to 5.52 x 10^3 kJ.

The given reaction, CH3OH(I) -> CO(g) + 2H2(g), reveals that every time the reaction occurs, 2 mol of hydrogen, H2, is produced and the reaction consumes 128.1 kJ of heat, indicated by the positive ΔH° value. This indicates that the reaction is endothermic - heat is absorbed during this chemical process. The question asks how much heat is consumed when 87.1 g of hydrogen gas is formed. To answer this, we first need to convert the mass of hydrogen gas to moles, using its molar mass (2 g/mol).

So, 87.1g of H2 is equivalent to 87.1/2 = 43.55 mol.

Since 2 mol of H2 consumes 128.1 kJ of heat, we can say that 1 mol of H2 would consume 128.1/2 = 64.05 kJ of heat.

Therefore, for 43.55 mol of H2, the heat consumed would be: 43.55 * 64.05 = ~2.79 x 10^3 kJ.

As a result, option B) 5.52 x 10^3 kJ would the closest to the calculated answer.

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The heat consumed when 87.1 g of hydrogen gas is formed during the given reaction is approximately 2.76 x 103 kJ.

The question refers to the heat absorbed in a chemical reaction, specifically how much heat is consumed when 87.1 g of hydrogen gas (H2) is formed in the given reaction: CH3OH (I) → CO (g) + 2H2 (g). The heat change (ΔH°) for this reaction is +128.1 kJ.

First, we need to establish the relation between the heat change and the mole of hydrogen formed. For every 2 moles of H2, 128.1 kJ of heat is absorbed. Now for the calculation, we use the molar mass of hydrogen (H2) which is roughly 2 g/mol. Therefore, the given 87.1 g of hydrogen gas will approximately be 87.1/2 = 43.55 moles.

Since the molar heat is for 2 moles, the heat consumed by forming 1 mole of H2 will be 128.1/2 = 64.05 kJ. So, for 43.55 moles, it will be 64.05*43.55 = 2.788 x 103 kJ, which can be approximated as 2.76 x 103 kJ (rounded to three significant digits).

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Answer:

X(SF₆) = 0.361

X(N₂O) = 0.639

Explanation:

Step 1: Calculate the moles of each gas

We use the following expression.

n = m / M

where,

SF₆: 16.7 g / 146.06 g/mol = 0.114 mol

N₂O: 8.88 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.202 mol

The total number of moles is 0.114 mol + 0.202 mol = 0.316 mol

Step 2: Calculate the mole fraction of each gas

We use the following expression.

X = moles of gas / total number of moles

X(SF₆) = 0.114 mol / 0.316 mol = 0.361

X(N₂O) = 0.202 mol / 0.316 mol = 0.639

Answer: between 45% and 70%

Explanation:

taking this step by step, let us analyze this question carefully.

From the original image in the question, as can be seen in the second uploaded image, we observe that;

potassium hydroxide having being less bulky produces about 45% of 2-methyl-butane whereas potassium tert-butoxide  having being bulky produces 70% of this product.

Given the potassium propoxide  as the base and intermediate to that of potassium hydroxide and potassium tert-butoxide, it produces  2-methyl-1-butane in between 45% to 70%.

Cheers i hope this helped!!!!

Final answer:

Without additional information, it is not possible to determine the exact percentage of 2-methyl-1-butene produced using potassium propoxide as the base for the reaction of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane.

Explanation:

When 2-bromo-2-methylbutane is treated with a base to form a mixture of 2-methyl-2-butene and 2-methyl-1-butene, the specific base used influences the proportion of each product. The use of potassium hydroxide results in 45% yield of 2-methyl-1-butene, while potassium tert-butoxide increases this yield to 70%. If potassium propoxide were used as the base, without further experimental data or specific trends indicated in the question, it is not possible to accurately predict the exact percentage of 2-methyl-1-butene in the mixture. Generally, the bulkiness of the base can influence the product distribution in elimination reactions due to steric hindrance, but without additional information about the reaction conditions or the specific mechanism with potassium propoxide, we can only hypothesize about the potential outcome based on trends we see with other bases.

1. **Alkylation**: Diethyl malonate reacts with 1,5-dibromopentane to form the alkylated product.

2. **Hydrolysis**: The alkylated product undergoes acidic hydrolysis to yield a carboxylic acid.

3. **Decarboxylation**: Carboxylic acid formed undergoes decarboxylation to produce the final compound, 1,3-propanediol.

let's break down the reaction step by step:

1. **Alkylation with 1,5-dibromopentane**:

The malonic ester synthesis involves the alkylation of diethyl malonate. In this case, one equivalent of 1,5-dibromopentane is used.

The reaction proceeds via an S_N2 mechanism, where the nucleophilic oxygen attacks the electrophilic carbon of the alkyl halide. The bromine atom is displaced, forming a new carbon-carbon bond.

The reaction can be represented as:

[tex]\[ \text{CH}_2(\text{CO}_2\text{Et})_2 + \text{Br(CH}_2\text{)_4Br} \rightarrow \text{CH}_2(\text{CO}_2\text{Et})_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br} + \text{Br}^-\][/tex]

2. **Hydrolysis with acidic workup**:

The product from the alkylation step undergoes hydrolysis under acidic conditions. This step cleaves the ester groups, yielding carboxylic acids.

[tex]\[ \text{CH}_2(\text{CO}_2\text{Et})_3\text{CH}_2\text{Br} + 2\text{H}_3\text{O}^+ \rightarrow \text{CH}_2(\text{CO}_2\text{H})_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + 2\text{EtOH}\][/tex]

3. **Decarboxylation**:

Decarboxylation involves the removal of a carboxyl group from a molecule as carbon dioxide. In this case, since there are three carboxyl groups in the product, three equivalents of carbon dioxide will be released.

[tex]\[ \text{CH}_2(\text{CO}_2\text{H})_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_2(\text{CO}_2\text{H})_2\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{CO}_2\][/tex]

The resulting compound is 1,3-propanediol.

So, the carboxylic acid formed in the reaction is glyceric acid (1,3-propanediol).

The pH at each volume of added acid is calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

The pH of a solution can be calculated using the equation:

pH = -log[H+]

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH can be calculated at each volume of added acid:

The initial concentration of pyridine is 0.125 M. Since pyridine is a weak base, [H+] can be calculated using the equation:

Kw / Kb = [H+]

where Kw is the equilibrium constant for water (1.0 x 10^-14) and Kb is the base dissociation constant for pyridine (1.7 x 10^-9). Substituting the values, we get:

[H+] = (1.0 x 10^-14) / (1.7 x 10^-9) ≈ 5.88 x 10^-6 M

Now, we can calculate the pH:

pH = -log(5.88 x 10^-6) ≈ 5.23

Using stoichiometry, we can determine the moles of HCI added:

moles of HCI = concentration of HCI x volume of HCI

moles of HCI = (0.100 M) x (0.010 L) = 0.001 mol

Since the acid HCl is strong, all of it will react with the pyridine:

moles of pyridine reacted = moles of HCI added = 0.001 mol

The final volume of the solution is 25.0 mL + 10 mL = 35.0 mL. The concentration of pyridine after the reaction is:

concentration of pyridine after reaction = moles of pyridine / final volume of solution

concentration of pyridine after reaction = (0.125 M)(25.0 mL) / (35.0 mL) ≈ 0.0893 M

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can calculate the pH:

pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])

where pKa is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant for pyridine (9.27) and [A-]/[HA] is the ratio of the conjugate base to the weak acid, which is equal to the ratio of the concentration of pyridine after reaction to the initial concentration of pyridine:

pH = 9.27 + log (0.0893 / 0.125) ≈ 9.07

Using the same approach, we can calculate the concentration of pyridine after the reaction:

concentration of pyridine after reaction = (0.125 M)(25.0 mL) / (45.0 mL) ≈ 0.0694 M

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we can calculate the pH:

pH = 9.27 + log (0.0694 / 0.125) ≈ 8.88

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To calculate the pH at each stage, we consider the concentrations of the pyridine and the HCl, and use the formulas for pH and pOH. At 0 mL of HCl, we would calculate pH from the pKa of pyridine. At 10 mL and 20 mL, we need to consider that pyridine is in excess, and calculate pOH first before getting the pH.

The subject of this question is acid-base titration, specifically the titration of pyridine with hydrochloric acid (HCl). To calculate the pH at different volumes of added acid, we'd use the formula for the concentration of the pyridine and HCl.

1. At 0 mL of HCl, the solution is just the pyridine, which is a weak base. We don't have the pKa for pyridine in the question, but assuming we did, we could calculate the pH using the pKa and the formula pH = 14 - pKa. Let's say it's around 5.2.

2. At 10 mL of 0.100 M HCl (1.0 mmol), and 25 mL of 0.125 M pyridine (3.125 mmol), we have more base than acid, so pyridine is in excess. We'd use the equilibrium expression for the reaction of excess pyridine with water to find the pOH, and then calculate the pH.

3. At 20 mL of 0.100 M HCl (2.0 mmol), we still have excess pyridine, and so we'd perform a similar calculation as at 10 mL.

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Answer: Arsenic

Explanation: The element that contains exactly three 4p  electrons at ground state is  

Arsenic, a group 15 and period 4 solid (20°C) element with  

atomic weight 74.9216g/mol  whose Electronic configuration  is

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p³ with the  condensed electronic configuration as  [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³.

The element that contains exactly three 4p electrons in the ground state is Arsenic (As).

Ground state is the lowest energy level of a physical system (such as an atomic nucleus or an atom).

In this case, [tex]\rm p^3[/tex] means nitrogen family. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi) are all members of the nitrogen family. Among these elements only Arsenic has 3 electrons in the 4p orbital in the ground energy level.

The electronic configuration of Arsenic is represented as: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³.

Therefore, the correct answer is Arsenic is the element that has 3 electrons in the 4p in ground state.

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Answer:

B. The physical property of the substance will change.

Explanation:

About Answer A:

The physical properties of the substance can not stay the same after a chemical change. If the physical properties stay the same, this is just a physical change.

..

About Answer B:

After a chemical change, the physical properties of the substance can become better or worse depend on about what chemical reaction we are talking about.

Answer:

Arrhenius bases: NaOH, KOH and LiOH.

Explanation:

Arrhenius bases are hydroxide ([tex]OH^{-}[/tex]) containing molecules which furnish [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ion in aqueous solution.

So, clearly, NaOH, KOH and LiOH are arrhenius bases as they contain [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ion as well as furnish [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] ion in aqueous solution.

Hydrolysis in water: [tex]NaOH(S)+H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow Na_{aq.}^{+}+OH_{aq.}^{-}[/tex]

                                   [tex]KOH(S)+H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow K_{aq.}^{+}+OH_{aq.}^{-}[/tex]

                                   [tex]LiOH(S)+H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow Li_{aq.}^{+}+OH_{aq.}^{-}[/tex]

Answer:

52.9 %.

Explanation:

Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2

Using the relative atomic masses of magnesium and hydrogen:

Theoretically 24.3 g of Mg will produce 2.016 g of H2

so 45.8 g will produce (2.016 * 45.8) / 24.3 = 3.80 g H2.

So the % yield = 2.01 * 100 / 3.80

= 52.9%.

If Justin collected 2.01 grams of H[tex]_2[/tex], 52.9% was the percent yield of H[tex]_2[/tex]. Therefore, the correct option is option C.

The % ratio of the theoretical yield to the actual yield is known as the percent yield. It is computed as the theoretical yield times by 100% divided by the experimental yield. The percent yield equals 100% if the theoretical and actual yields are equal. Because the real yield is frequently lower than the theoretical value, percent yield is typically lower than 100%.

If the percent yield is more than 100%, more sample than expected was retrieved from the reaction. This may have happened when other reactions took place and the product was also created.

Mg + 2HCl [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] MgCl[tex]_2[/tex] + H[tex]_2[/tex]

Theoretically 24.3 g of Mg will produce 2.016 g of H2

so, 45.8 g will produce (2.016 × 45.8) / 24.3 = 3.80 g H2.

% yield = 2.01 ×100 / 3.80

             = 52.9%.

Therefore, the correct option is option C.

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Answer:4.920 X10^-22J

Explanation:

Energy of infrared radiation = hc/λ

where h=plank's constant=6.626X 10^-34js

c= speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8ms⁻¹

wavelength λ= 4.04x 10^-4m

E = 6.626X 10^-34js X 3.0 X 10^8 ms⁻¹/ 4.04 X 10^-4m

=4.920 X10^-22J

The question is incomplete; the complete question is:

A chemist must prepare 800.0mL of potassium hydroxide solution with a pH of 13.00 at 25 degree C. He will do this in three steps: Fill a 800.0mL volumetric flask about halfway with distilled water. Weigh out a small amount of solid potassium hydroxide and add it to the flask. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water. Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out in the second step. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

Answer:

4.5g (to 2 significant digits)

Explanation:

Now we must remember that KOH is a strong base, therefore it will practically dissociate completely.

To find the pH we can use the equation pH + pOH = 14.

Firstly to find the pOH:

13.00 + pOH = 14

pOH = 1.00

To find the [OH-]

Since

pOH= -log[OH^-]

[OH^-] = antilog (-pOH)

[OH^-]= antilog (-1)

[OH^-] = 0.1 molL-1

Since we've established that KOH is a strong base, we know that [OH-] = [KOH]

Also, we know that concentration = number of moles/volume

we have the concentration and the volume now so we can calculate the number of number of moles as follows:

The 800mL volume is the same as 0.8L

0.1 molL-1= number of moles/0.8L

0.08 moles = number of moles

now we can calculate the amount of solid KOH required

the molar mass of KOH = 39 + 16 +1 = 56 gmol-1

56 x 0.08 moles = 4.48g

So in 800mL of pH 13.00 KOH there is 4.5g of KOH dissolved.

Answer:

0.35

Explanation:

pH = -log[H+]

[H+] = [HCl} = 0.45 M because HCl is a strong acid, and dissociate completely.

pH = - log[0.45] = 0.35

Answer:

empirical formula: [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]

2 g H

32.7 g S

65.3 g O

Explanation:

Like the problem said, the first thing we can do is calculate the mass of each of the 3 elements in a 100-gram sample:

- 2.00% * 100g = 2 g H

- 32.7% * 100g = 32.7 g S

- 65.3% * 100g = 65.3 g O

Now we need to find the empirical formula from these. To do so, convert all of those masses into moles by using the molar mass for each element:

- the molar mass of H is 1.01 g/mol

- the molar mass of S is 32.06 g/mol

- the molar mass of O is 16 g/mol

2 g H ÷ 1.01 g/mol = 1.98 mol H

32.7 g S ÷ 32.06 g/mol = 1.02 mol S

65.3 g O ÷ 16 g/mol = 4.08 mol O

Our ratio of H : S : O is now:

1.98 mol : 1.02 mol : 4.08 mol

Divide them all by the smallest number, which is 1.02:

1.98/1.02  :  1.02/1.02  :  4.08/1.02

1.94 : 1 : 4

1.94 ≈ 2

So:

2 : 1 : 4

Thus, the empirical formula is: [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex].

Answer:

The ring of fire

Explanation:

The ring of fire is where they meet or at the fault lines

Answer:

B

Explanation:

From the calculation, we have the age of the sample to be 750,000 years. Option B

The half-life of a substance, usually associated with radioactive decay, is the time it takes for half of a quantity of that substance to decay. This concept is also used in various other contexts to describe the rate of decay or reduction of a substance's quantity over time.

If you have a radioactive substance, the half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay into other elements. After one half-life, half of the original substance will remain, and the other half will have transformed into a different element.

We know that;

[tex]N/No = (1/2)^t/t1/2\\N = 0.9996No\\ 0.9996No/No = (1/2)^t/1.3 * 10^3\\ 0.9996 = (1/2)^t/1.3 * 10^3\\ln 0.9996 = t/1.3 * 10^3 ln 0.5\\t/1.3 * 10^3 = ln 0.9996 / ln 0.5\\t = ln 0.9996 / ln 0.5 * 1.3 * 10^9[/tex]

t = 750,000 years

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The pressure of the nitrogen gas confined to a volume of 0.118 L is 13.16 atm.

The pressure of nitrogen gas can be calculated by using the ideal gas equation.

PV =nRT

P = pressure

V = volume = 0.118 L

n =  moles of nitrogen gas

moles = [tex]\rm\dfrac{weight}{molecular\;weight}[/tex]

moles of nitrogen gas = [tex]\rm \dfrac{1.78}{28}[/tex]

Moles of nitrogen gas = 0.0635 moles

R = constant = 0.0821

T = temperature = 25[tex]\rm ^\circ C[/tex] = 298 K

Substituting the values:

P [tex]\times[/tex] 0.118 = 0.0635 [tex]\times[/tex] 0.0821 [tex]\times[/tex] 298

P [tex]\times[/tex] 0.118 = 1.5535

P = 13.16 atm.

The pressure of the nitrogen gas confined to a volume of 0.118 L is 13.16 atm.

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The pressure of the nitrogen gas confined to a volume of 0.118 L at 25°C is approximately 13.16 atmospheres.

To solve this problem, we will use the ideal gas law, which is given by the equation:

[tex]\[ PV = nRT \][/tex]

where:

-  P  is the pressure of the gas,

-  V  is the volume of the gas,

-  n  is the number of moles of the gas,

- R is the ideal gas constant, and

- T  is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas [tex](\( N_2 \))[/tex]using the molar mass of nitrogen, which is approximately 28.02 g/mol.

[tex]\[ T = 25^\circ \text{C} + 273.15 = 298.15 \text{ K} \][/tex]

Next, we convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the given temperature:

[tex]\[ T = 25^\circ \text{C} + 273.15 = 298.15 \text{ K} \][/tex]

Now, we can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for pressure  P:

[tex]\[ P = \frac{nRT}{V} \][/tex]

The ideal gas constant R  is approximately 0.0821 L·atm/(mo·K). Plugging in the values we have:

[tex]\[ P = \frac{(0.0635 \text{ mol})(0.0821 \text{ L·atm/(mol·K)})(298.15 \text{ K})}{0.118 \text{ L}} \] \[ P \approx \frac{(0.0635)(0.0821)(298.15)}{0.118} \] \[ P \approx \frac{1.553}{0.118} \] \[ P \approx 13.16 \text{ atm} \][/tex]

Answer:

Check the explanation

Explanation:

Kindly check the attached image below for the step by step explanation to the question above.

Based on the provided data, mechanism I and the decomposition of H2O2 as the rate-determining step best fit the experimental observations.

To determine which mechanism and which step is the rate-determining step, we need to analyze the data provided. If we compare the rates of the reactions in experiments I, II, III, and IV, we can see that the rate of the reaction doubles when the concentration of H2O2 doubles, suggesting that the reaction is first-order with respect to H2O2. This information aligns with mechanism I, where the rate-determining step involves the decomposition of H2O2. Therefore, mechanism I and the decomposition of H2O2 as the rate-determining step best fit the data.

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The mechanism and the step as the rate determining step  that best fits the data is Mechanism B, with the first step rate determining step. The correct option is c.

To determine which mechanism and rate-determining step best fit the given data, we need to examine the rate laws implied by each mechanism and compare them to the experimental data.

Experimental Data:

[tex]Trial \ I: [H_2O_2] = 0.100 \, M, [I^-] = 5.00 \times 10^{-4} \, M, [H^+] = 1.00 \times 10^{-2} \, M, Rate = 0.137 \, M/s \\\\Trial \ II: [H_2O_2] = 0.100 \, M, [I^-] = 1.00 \times 10^{-3} \, M, [H^+] = 1.00 \times 10^{-2} \, M, Rate = 0.268 \, M/s \\\\Trial \ III: [H_2O_2] = 0.200 \, M, [I^-] = 1.00 \times 10^{-3} \, M, [H^+] = 1.00 \times 10^{-2} \, M, Rate = 0.542 \, M/s \\\\Trial \ IV: [H_2O_2] = 0.400 \, M, [I^-] = 1.00 \times 10^{-3} \, M, [H^+] = 2.00 \times 10^{-2} \, M, Rate = 1.084 \, M/s[/tex]

Observations:

1. Comparing Trials I and II, the concentration of [I⁻] doubles while other concentrations remain constant, and the rate approximately doubles (0.137  [tex]\rightarrow[/tex]  0.268). This suggests that the rate is first-order in [I⁻].

2. Comparing Trials II and III, the concentration of [H₂O₂] doubles while other concentrations remain constant, and the rate approximately doubles (0.268 [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] 0.542). This suggests that the rate is first-order in [H₂O₂].

3. Comparing Trials III and IV, the concentration of [H₂O₂] doubles and [H⁺] also doubles. The rate also approximately doubles (0.542 [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] 1.084). This suggests that the rate is first-order in [H⁺].

Rate Law:

Based on these observations, the rate law can be inferred as:

[tex]\text{Rate} = k[H_2O_2][I^-][H^+][/tex]

Mechanism Analysis:

Let's analyze the proposed mechanisms to see which one fits the observed rate law.

Mechanism A:

[tex]1. \ H_2O_2 + I^- \rightarrow H_2O + OI^- \\\\2. \ OI^- + H^+ \rightarrow HOI \\\\3. \ HOI + I^- + H^+ \rightarrow I_2 + H_2O \\\\4. \ I_2 + I^- \rightarrow I_3^-[/tex]

Mechanism B:

[tex]1. \ H_2O_2 + I^- + H^+ \rightarrow H_2O + HOI \\\\2. \ HOI + I^- + H^+ \rightarrow I_2 + H_2O \\\\3. \ I_2 + I^- \rightarrow I_3^-[/tex]

Rate Determining Step Analysis:

Thus, Mechanism B with the first step as the rate-determining step matches the observed rate law, c. Mechanism B, with the first step rate determining step.

The complete question is:

Consider the following data concerning the equation:

H₂O₂ + 3I⁻ + 2H⁺ → I₃⁻ + 2H₂O

      [H₂O₂]               [I⁻]                 [H⁺]                    rate

I     0.100 M     5.00 x 10⁻⁴M    1.00 x 10⁻²M    0.137 M/sec

II.   0.100 M      1.00 x 10⁻³M    1.00 x 10⁻²M    0.268 M/sec

III   0.200 M     1.00 x 10⁻³M    1.00 x 10⁻²M    0.542 M/sec

IV.  0.400 M     1.00 x 10⁻³M    2.00 x 10⁻²M    1.084 M/sec

Two mechanisms are proposed, A, the first four equation lines below, while B is the next three lines:

A.

H₂O₂ + I⁻  →  H₂O + OI⁻

OI⁻ + H⁺ →  HOI

HOI + I⁻ + H⁺ → I₂ + H₂O

I₂ +  I⁻ → I₃⁻

B.

H₂O₂ + I⁻ + H⁺ →  H₂O + HOI

HOI + I⁻ + H⁺ → I₂ + H₂O

I₂ +  I⁻ → I₃⁻

Which mechanism and which step as the rate determining step would best fit the data?

a. Mechanism B, with the second step rate determining step

b. Mechanism A, with the second step rate determining step

c. Mechanism B, with the first step rate determining step

d. Mechanism A, with the first step rate determining step

e. None of the above

Answer:

An example of engineering material, are plastics, they are derived from organic, natural materials, such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and, of course, oil. Oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds and must be processed before being used.

Explanation:

Plastic production begins with distillation at a refinery, where crude oil is separated into groups of lighter components, called fractions. Each fraction is a mixture of hydrocarbon chains (chemical compounds formed by carbon and hydrogen) that differ in terms of the size and structure of their molecules. One of those fractions, naphtha, is the essential compound for the production of plastic.

Two main processes are used to make plastic: polymerization and polycondensation, and both require specific catalysts. In a polymerization reactor, monomers like ethylene and propylene join to form long polymer chains. Each polymer has its own properties, structure and dimensions depending on the type of basic monomer that has been used.

Answer:

The answer is C.

Explanation:

Cu 2+ is reduced to Cu by gaining 2 electrons, so reduction occurs .

Proton cannot be gain or lose .